FINAL viruses

Question 1

viruses are composed of which two molecules

Answer 1

nucleic acids and proteins

Question 2

difference between lytic and latent infections

Answer 2

lytic- active (replicating and killing cells)

latent- dormant

Question 3

process that viruses perform to convert RNA to DNA is termed

Answer 3

reverse transcription

Question 4

which enzyme to viruses use to do reverse transcription

Answer 4

reverse transcriptase

Question 5

only protection from viruses

Answer 5

vaccines

Question 6

t/f viruses can only be seen by the light microscope

Answer 6

false

Question 7

what organisms are the incubator for pandemic strains id influenza

Answer 7

pig and ducks

Question 8

what are he two branches of the immune system

Answer 8

nonspecific defense and specific defenses

Question 9

which cells are involved in directly attacking an antigen

Answer 9

t cells

Question 10

which cells produce antibodies

Answer 10

b cells

Question 11

how does influenza pass from person to person

Answer 11

airborne, water droplets

Question 12

200 years ago an english doctor named _____ used the idea of vaccines

Answer 12

jenner

Question 13

what virus did jenner use to vaccinate a young boy against small pox

Answer 13

cow pox

Question 14

what is the benefit to a vaccine

Answer 14

immunity to viruses

Question 15

why dies immunity to a particular antigen often decline after a period if several yeArs; how to reestablish the immune response

Answer 15

memory cells die; revaccinate

Question 16

three possible methods for preparing a vaccine to a specific virus

Answer 16

similar organism, dead organism, piece of an organism

Question 17

what scientist coined the term virus

Answer 17

pasteur

Question 18

what scientist confirmed that something other than bacteria was infecting tobacco plants

Answer 18

ivanovsky

Question 19

what did the above scientist do to determine something other than bacteria was causing the infection

Answer 19

tried to filter the virus, still infected after filtration

Question 20

three ways viruses are classified

Answer 20

envelope, type of nucleic acid, size and shape

Question 21

order of molecule in a positive ELISA test for ebola

Answer 21

ebola viral proteins, Ab, second ab with enzyme, substrate

Question 22

what test could be used for an unknown virus that comes up negative on all known ELISA tests; what does this test for instead of antibodies

Answer 22

molecular subtraction, genome

Question 23

difference between genetic drift and shift; which could lead to a pandemic

Answer 23

drift-small mutations

shift-severe change (pandemic)

Question 24

why are vaccines a victim of their own success

Answer 24

work so well that people focus on risks, not the disease its preventing

Question 25

what is an equilibrium virus

Answer 25

been in a population for a long time

Question 26

what is a non equilibrium virus

Answer 26

new virus

Question 27

viruses consist of nucleic acids covered by a coat of ____

Answer 27

proteins

Question 28

viruses, unlike bacteria, are not composed of ___

Answer 28

cells

Question 29

the only life function viruses can perform is __

Answer 29

reproduction

Question 30

protection against some viral diseases can be produced by___

Answer 30

vaccines

Question 31

a vaccine is made of a ____ form of the virus

Answer 31

weakened

Question 32

two natural defenses the body has against viruses are ___ and ___

Answer 32

antibodies and interferon