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Biology > FINAL genetics > Flashcards

FINAL genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

alternative forms of a gene which occur at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

A

allele

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2
Q

an allele that hides the expression of a recessive allele

A

dominant allele

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3
Q

the genes if an organism for a particular trait or traits

A

genotype

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4
Q

specific location of a particular gene

A

gene locus

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5
Q

visible expression of a genotype

A

phenotype

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6
Q

possessing two identical alleles for a trait

A

homozygous

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7
Q

possessing two unlike alleles for a trait

A

heterozygous

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8
Q

grid that allows one to calculate the results of simple genetic crosses

A

punnett square

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9
Q

an allele thats expression is masked by a dominant allele

A

recessive allele

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10
Q

corss between an individual with the dominant phenotype and on with the recessive phenotype

A

test cross

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11
Q

stamen consists of

A

anther, filament

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12
Q

pistil consists of

A

stigma, style, ovary

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13
Q

which old theory described a red flower being crossed with a white flower and the offspring being pink

A

blending theory of inheritance

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14
Q

3:1 ratios found when performing what type of crosses

A

monohybrid crosses

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15
Q

gametes of (TtGG) (TtGg)

A

(TG,tG) (TG, Tg, tG, tg)

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16
Q

state whether it is a gamete or a genotype: (Tg) (WwCc) (Tr) (G)

A

gamete, genotype, gamete, gamete

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17
Q

SsBbxSsBb, how many will have a smooth black coat?

A

9 of 16

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18
Q

RrTtxrrtt, how many tall with red fruit

A

25%

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19
Q

in blood types, AB blood is an example of what type if dominance

A

codominance

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20
Q

down syndrome is an example of what type if nondisjunction

A

trisomy

21
Q

how many chromosomes are autosomes in humans

A

22

22
Q

when neither allele is fully dominant

A

incomplete dominance

23
Q

gene that affects more than one characteristic of an individual (ie marfans syndrome)

A

pleitropy

24
Q

t/f the environment has no effect on the phenotype of an organism

A

false

25
Q

permanent changes in genes or chromosomes than can be passed on to offspring

A

mutation

26
Q

term used to describe improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis

A

nondisjunction

27
Q

occurs when a segment of a chromosome is turned 180°

A

inversion

28
Q

doubling of a chromosomal segment

A

duplication

29
Q

movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another

A

translocation

30
Q

what would be the genotype of sex chromosomes in an individual with two barr bodies

A

XXX

31
Q

members of one pair of factors separate independently of members or another pair of factors therefore all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes

A

law of independent assortment

32
Q

what are the possible blood types the offspring of a cross between individuals that are type AB and O

A

A or B

33
Q

9:3:3:1 is expected when

A

gene pairs assort independently during meiosis

34
Q

what is mitosis

A

replication - maintainin chromosome number to keep sizew

35
Q

why do cells divide

A

to maintain surface area to volume ratio

36
Q

how many chromosomes does a human body cell have

A

46

37
Q

where do you get your chromosomes from

A

mother and father

38
Q

how many copies do you have of each gene in your genome

A

2

39
Q

the members of each pair of chromosomes in diploid cells are called

A

homologous pairs

40
Q

purpose of meiosis in animal cells

A

make sperm/eggs for reproduction

41
Q

what happens to chromosome number during meiosis

A

cuts in 1/2-46 to 23

42
Q

in plants meiosis produces

A

haploid spores

43
Q

after fertilization of a sperm and egg what is produced

A

zygote

44
Q

the process by which chromosomes exchange genes is known as

A

crossing over

45
Q

what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur

A

prophase

46
Q

how many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte contain

A

46

47
Q

in humans how many chromosomes are contained in the first polar body

A

46

48
Q

how many sperm are produced due to meiosis in spermatogenesis

A

4

Biology (19 decks)

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