FINAL genetics Flashcards
alternative forms of a gene which occur at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
allele
an allele that hides the expression of a recessive allele
dominant allele
the genes if an organism for a particular trait or traits
genotype
specific location of a particular gene
gene locus
visible expression of a genotype
phenotype
possessing two identical alleles for a trait
homozygous
possessing two unlike alleles for a trait
heterozygous
grid that allows one to calculate the results of simple genetic crosses
punnett square
an allele thats expression is masked by a dominant allele
recessive allele
corss between an individual with the dominant phenotype and on with the recessive phenotype
test cross
stamen consists of
anther, filament
pistil consists of
stigma, style, ovary
which old theory described a red flower being crossed with a white flower and the offspring being pink
blending theory of inheritance
3:1 ratios found when performing what type of crosses
monohybrid crosses
gametes of (TtGG) (TtGg)
(TG,tG) (TG, Tg, tG, tg)
state whether it is a gamete or a genotype: (Tg) (WwCc) (Tr) (G)
gamete, genotype, gamete, gamete
SsBbxSsBb, how many will have a smooth black coat?
9 of 16
RrTtxrrtt, how many tall with red fruit
25%
in blood types, AB blood is an example of what type if dominance
codominance
down syndrome is an example of what type if nondisjunction
trisomy
how many chromosomes are autosomes in humans
22
when neither allele is fully dominant
incomplete dominance
gene that affects more than one characteristic of an individual (ie marfans syndrome)
pleitropy
t/f the environment has no effect on the phenotype of an organism
false
permanent changes in genes or chromosomes than can be passed on to offspring
mutation
term used to describe improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis
nondisjunction
occurs when a segment of a chromosome is turned 180°
inversion
doubling of a chromosomal segment
duplication
movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another
translocation
what would be the genotype of sex chromosomes in an individual with two barr bodies
XXX
members of one pair of factors separate independently of members or another pair of factors therefore all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes
law of independent assortment
what are the possible blood types the offspring of a cross between individuals that are type AB and O
A or B
9:3:3:1 is expected when
gene pairs assort independently during meiosis
what is mitosis
replication - maintainin chromosome number to keep sizew
why do cells divide
to maintain surface area to volume ratio
how many chromosomes does a human body cell have
46
where do you get your chromosomes from
mother and father
how many copies do you have of each gene in your genome
2
the members of each pair of chromosomes in diploid cells are called
homologous pairs
purpose of meiosis in animal cells
make sperm/eggs for reproduction
what happens to chromosome number during meiosis
cuts in 1/2-46 to 23
in plants meiosis produces
haploid spores
after fertilization of a sperm and egg what is produced
zygote
the process by which chromosomes exchange genes is known as
crossing over
what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur
prophase
how many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte contain
46
in humans how many chromosomes are contained in the first polar body
46
how many sperm are produced due to meiosis in spermatogenesis
4
