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CYTOGENETICS - SECOND SEM > NUCLEIC ACID INTRO > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACID INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is composed of trillions of cells

A

Body

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2
Q

Inside the human cell, these major macromolecules are
present

A

carbohydrates
○ lipids
○ proteins
○ nucleic acid (DNA and RNA

CLPN

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3
Q

have a telomere, centromere, and chromatin

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

Portion of a Chromosome that controlled a specific inheritable trait
● Sequence of nucleotides within a portion of DNA that codes for a
peptide or a functional RNA

A

Gene

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5
Q

Sum of all genes

A

GENOME

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6
Q

Nucleic Acid Types

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
○ Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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7
Q

Are polymers and polynucleotides
● One of the major macromolecule in the body responsible for
storing and expressing genetic information

A

Nucleic Acid

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8
Q

Almost always double-stranded (helical structure)
● 2’-deoxyribose
● Stores genetic information, RNA, and protein coding information
● Transfers information to the daughter cells

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

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9
Q

DNA Bases

A

: Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

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10
Q

Single-stranded
● Ribose
● Carries protein and coding information
● Helps in making protein
● Helps in how the information stored in DNA is used

A

RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

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11
Q

RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) Bases

A

Bases: Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

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12
Q

Single building block of nucleic acids

A

● Nucleotides

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13
Q

are numbered from 1’ to 5’; clockwise

A

Carbons

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14
Q

Sugar + base = ________

A

nucleotide

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15
Q

the bond connecting the sugar and the base

A

-N-glycosidic acid

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16
Q

Nucleoside + phosphate +

A

Nucleotide

17
Q

are the building blocks of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

18
Q

For each A on one chain, a T aligned opposite it on the other
chain G-C

A

Chargaff’s Rule

19
Q

codes for protein
- encodes for amino acid sequence
- each three mRNA bases form a codon where each codon
corresponds to a specific amino acid

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

20
Q

forms the core of the ribosomes,
machinery for making proteins
- structurally support and catalyze protein synthesis

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

21
Q

✓ Carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to
the cytoplasm
✓ Consists of a chain of nucleotides whose sequence is exactly
complementary to one of the strands of DNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

22
Q

✓ Contains 500-4500 bases

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA

23
Q

are also called as transcripts

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

24
Q

✓Associates with proteins to form ribosome
✓It functions as a machine to attach amino acids and aid in forming
proteins

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

25
Q

✓ RNA is complexed with proteins in ribosomes
✓

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

26
Q

✓ Contains 100-3000 nucleotides

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

27
Q

binds mRNA and
tRNA
→ contains 1 rRNA

A

1 small

28
Q
  • catalyzes the peptide
    bond formation
    → contains 3 rRNA
A
  • 1 large
29
Q

✓ Containing from 73 to 93 nucleotides per chain
✓ There is at least one different tRNA for each of the 20 amino acids
✓ Transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis in the
ribosomes

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

30
Q

some of
its bases form weak chemical
bonds with each other thus
leading to folding of the tRNA
into loops
→ one loop of

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)clover leaf shape

31
Q

Coding sequences
✓ “expressed sequences”

A

Exons

32
Q

✓ Non coding sequences
✓ “intervening sequences”
→ they should be removed in the mRNA

A

Introns

33
Q

RNA chain is called a

A

transcript

34
Q

● 2 Steps in transmission of information

A

Transcription
- Translation

35
Q

DNA acts as a ________ in
the process of making
proteins

A

“manager”

36
Q

DNA polymerase which
we call as “ _______

A

“the builders”

37
Q

✓ Catalytic RNA
✓ Catalyze the splicing of mRNA

A

Ribozymes

CYTOGENETICS - SECOND SEM (9 decks)

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