EPISTASIS Flashcards

1
Q

■ Interaction of nonallelic genes in the formation of the phenotype

A

Epistasis

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2
Q

__________ is a form of gene interaction in which one gene masks the phenotypic expression of another.

A

Epistasis

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3
Q

■The alleles that are masking the effect are called epistatic alleles

A

Epistatic alleles

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4
Q

The alleles whose effect is being masked are called the hypostatic alleles.

A

hypostatic alleles

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5
Q

Epistasis can be described as either ______ or ________

A

recessive epistasis or dominant epistasis.

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6
Q

Occurs when the dominant allele of one gene masks the effects of either allele of the second gene.

A

Dominant epistasis

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7
Q

__________color is controlled by two genes

A

Squash fruit color

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8
Q

__________ gene that can affect the expression of another gene

A

EPISTATIC

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9
Q

Also known as dominant inhibitory epistasis

A

DOMINANT RECESSIVE INTERACTION

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10
Q

Traits that occur in distinct categories

A

DISCONTINUOUS

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11
Q

Distribution of phenotypes in the population varies along a continuum

A

CONTINUOUS

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12
Q

Is an o-methyled anthocyanin responsible for the blue pigments of primula polyanthus plant

A

MALDVIN

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13
Q

Dominant recessive example is

A

MALDVIN IN PRIMULA FLOWERS

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14
Q

More than two alleles and genes control the expression of trait

A

POLYGENIC INHERITANCE

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15
Q

Also known as Duplicate Gene Action

A

DUPLICATE DOMINANT EPISTASIS

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16
Q

Also known as complementary Gene action

A

Duplicate recessive epistasis

17
Q

Dominant alleles complement each other

A

DUPLICATE RECESSIVE EPISTASIS

18
Q

Dominant epistasis

A

Ratio 12:3:1

19
Q

Recessive epistasis

A

Ratio 9:4:3

20
Q

● If a dominant allele of both gene loci produces
the same phenotype without cumulative effec

A

DUPLICATE DOMINANT EPISTASIS

21
Q

Both the dominant non allelic alleles, when
present together, give a new phenotype, but
when allowed to express independently, they
give their own phenotypic expression separately

A

DUPLICATE GENES WITH CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

22
Q

If both gene loci have homozygous recessive
alleles and both of them produce identical
phenotype.

A

DUPLICATE RECESSIVE EPISTASIS

23
Q

DUPLICATE GENES WITH CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

A

● The ratio will be 9:6:1

24
Q

The dominant allele, either in homozygous or
heterozygous condition, of one gene and the
homozygous recessive of other gene produce
the same phenotype

A

● Ratio 13:3

25
The phenomenon in which a single gene conditions affects several different phenotypical traits
PLEIOTROPY
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a is an abnormality in the expression of a single mutated each BB gene which produces numerous consequences throughout the body
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
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It is caused by a defect in the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. So the gene responsible for that is mutated
● Phenylketonuria
27
○ Lack of thyroxine from birth ○ Or before birth ○ Could be lack of thyroid gland ○ Or lack of iodine in mother ○ Severe and irreparable mental defects ○ Stunted growth ○ Reduced growth and function of many organs
CRETINISM
28
○ genes with at least one allele that one present in the genotype of an individual, causes death. ○ it can be dominant or recessive lethal
● Lethal Genes
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○ The perfect example is the Huntingdon’s disease. If the father is recessive to Huntington's disease and the mother is heterozygous you will produce 50 percent affected child and 50 percent normal child.
● Dominant Lethal Genes
30
Low levels of thyroid hormone in early years life
CRETINISM
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Dwarfism
ACHONDROPLASIA
32
Example of Recessive lethal genes
Manx cats tail less
33
CFTR means
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor
34
CFTR gene mutation
Cystic Fibrosis