MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERN Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

a unit of heredity; a section of DNA sequence
encoding a single protein

Gene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the entire set of genes in an organism

Genome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___________reported about 20,000 -
25,000 protein-coding genes in humans (23 pairs)

Human Genome Project

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

two genes that occupy the same position on
homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait
(like ‘flavors’ of a trait)

Alleles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a fixed location of a strand of DNA where a gene
or one of its alleles is located

Locus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

having identical genes (one from each
parent) for a particular characteristic

Homozygous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The allele that is masked by a dominant allele does not appear in the heterozygous condition. Only in homozygous

RECESSIVE (homozygous)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The genetic makeup of an organism

GENOTYPE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The physical appearance or observable attributes of an organism

PHENOTYPE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A genetic cross involving a single pair of genes one trait; parents differ by a single trait

MONONHYBRID CROSS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The results from a punnet square can be used to find the _______ a certain allele combination will occur in offspring
a. Probability
b. pedigree
c. Traits
d. Genes

PROBABILITY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the possible genotypes for a cross between 2 people that are heterozygous for the same trait?

TT = 25% Tt =50% tt 25%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two of the same genes for a trait (sometimes) called purebred) BB or bb
A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous
C. Protein
D. Chromosome

HOMOZYGOUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What would the ratio for genotypes be based on this punnett square?
A. 2BB:2bb
B. 2BB:2Bb
C. 1BB:2Bb:1bb
D. 4Bb

2BB:2bb

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is true statement about this picture?
A. Brown is recessive
B. Brown is dominant
C. Blue is dominant
D. Blue is dominant

B brown is dominant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If a homozygous black cat (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white cat (bb), what is the probability of having a cat with white fur?
A. 100%
B. 0%
C. 75%
D. 25%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A fixed location of a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

LOCUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Having identical genes (from one each parent) for particular characteristics

HOMOZYGOUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alleles of genes are of the same type

HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (PP)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two identical alleles but recessive

HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (pp)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Having two different genes for particular characteristics

HETEROZYGOUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The allele of a gene that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele; the trait appears in the heterozygous condition

DOMINANT (heterozygous)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Malting that involves parents that differ in two genes (two independent traits)

DIHYBRID CROSS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Genetic cross that determines the zygosity of the parent of the parent for the trait

TEST CROSS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A cross with the phenotype of each sex reversed as composed with the original cross, to test the role of parental sex

RECIPROCAL CROSS

The similarities between reciprocal and test cross (3)

They are genetic crosses They reveal genetic basis of traits They involve a cross between two individual

Why you should choose pea plants?

ease in cultivations Fast in generation time Produce several seeds Possesses various traits EFPP

__________ are easily tracked because it is discontinuous

Variations

Austrian monk, born what is now Czech republic in 1822

Gregor Johann Mendel

Gregor Johann Mendel is a son of a __________, studied ______ and was ordained priest Order ______

peasant farmer, theology, St. augustine

He also went to the university of _______, where he studied_______ and learned _________

VIENNA, BOTANY, SCIENTIFIC METHOD

He worked with pure lines of peas for ___________ years

EIGHT YEARS

Prior to Mendel, heredity was regarded as a “______” process and the offspring were “_______” of the different parental characteristics

BLENDING AND DILUTION

Is a belief or idea about inheritance before mendel put forward the mendelian inheritance pattern

BLENDING PROCESS

In _____ he published experiment is plants hybridization

1866

Gregor mendels 3 Law of inheritance

LAW OF DOMINANCE LAW OF SEGREGATION LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

Presented the result of his experiments on pea plants

1865

Is concerned with the transmission, expression, and evolution of genes, the molecules that control the function of development and ultimate appearance of individuals

GENES

His work was largely ignored for _____, until _____ when __ independent botanists discovered mendels work

34 YEARS UNTIL 1900 WHEN 3

Between ______ and ______, two major changes took place in biological science.

1866 AND 1900

First, by the turn of the cen- tury, not only had scientists discovered chromosomes, but they also had learned to understand chromosomal movement during cell division.

1866

Second, biologists were better prepared to handle mathematics by the turn of the century than they were during Mendel’s time.

1900

Mendel worked with the common garden pea plant

PISUM SATIVUM

Parental generation

First filial; offspring from a genetic cross

Second filial generation of a genetic cross

Mendel observed _______tall and _____ dwarf plants for a ratio of ______

787 AND 277 AND RATIO OF 2.84:1.

Mendel looked at seven traits or characteristics of pea plants:

* SEED SHAPE * SEED COLOR * POD SHAPE * POD COLOR * POD LOCATION * STEM LENGTH * FLOWER COLOR

Round or wrinkled

SEED SHAPE

yellow or green

SEED COLOR

Full or constricted

POD SHAPE

green or yellow

POD COLOR

Axial pods and flowers along stem (sides) or Terminal pods and flowers on the top of stems (nasa-dulo)

POD LOCATION

■ Tall or short (taas or pandak)

STEM LENGTH

Purple or white

FLOWER COLOR

Mendel assumed that each plant contained two determinants

GENES

was the first biologist to use Mathematics – to explain his results quantitatively

MENDEL

Melanin

SKIN COLOR

GROWTH

HEIGHT

Cysteine in proteins

CURLY

The simplest way to test the hypothesis is by

progeny testing

the phenotype of the heterozygote falls between those of the two homozygotes.

partial dominance (or incom- plete dominance),

protein catalyst

ENZYME

Anther and filament

STAMEN

Offspring of the cross between two true-breeding parents

HYBRIDS

Geneticists and microbiologists have adopted schemes that re- late to the wild-type; organisms commonly used in genetic studies, the wild-type has red eyes and round wings (fruit flies)

DROSOPHILA

Alternatives to the wild-type are referred to as ________

MUTANTS

which states that alleles for onegene can segregate independently of alleles for other

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

Occurs when the heterozygote phenotype is indistinguishable from that of the homozygous parent

COMPLETE DOMINANCE

Occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous phenotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homzygous phenotypes

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

Occurs when the phenotypes of both parents are simultaneously expressed in the same offspring organism

Co-dominance