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CYTOGENETICS - SECOND SEM > MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERN > Flashcards

MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERN Flashcards

1
Q

a unit of heredity; a section of DNA sequence
encoding a single protein

A

Gene

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2
Q

the entire set of genes in an organism

A

Genome

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3
Q

___________reported about 20,000 -
25,000 protein-coding genes in humans (23 pairs)

A

Human Genome Project

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4
Q
  • two genes that occupy the same position on
    homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait
    (like ‘flavors’ of a trait)
A

Alleles

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5
Q

a fixed location of a strand of DNA where a gene
or one of its alleles is located

A

Locus

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6
Q

having identical genes (one from each
parent) for a particular characteristic

A

Homozygous

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7
Q

The allele that is masked by a dominant allele does not appear in the heterozygous condition. Only in homozygous

A

RECESSIVE (homozygous)

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8
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism

A

GENOTYPE

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9
Q

The physical appearance or observable attributes of an organism

A

PHENOTYPE

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10
Q

A genetic cross involving a single pair of genes one trait; parents differ by a single trait

A

MONONHYBRID CROSS

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11
Q

The results from a punnet square can be used to find the _______ a certain allele combination will occur in offspring
a. Probability
b. pedigree
c. Traits
d. Genes

A

PROBABILITY

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12
Q

What are the possible genotypes for a cross between 2 people that are heterozygous for the same trait?

A

TT = 25% Tt =50% tt 25%

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13
Q

Two of the same genes for a trait (sometimes) called purebred) BB or bb
A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous
C. Protein
D. Chromosome

A

HOMOZYGOUS

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14
Q

What would the ratio for genotypes be based on this punnett square?
A. 2BB:2bb
B. 2BB:2Bb
C. 1BB:2Bb:1bb
D. 4Bb

A

2BB:2bb

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15
Q

Which is true statement about this picture?
A. Brown is recessive
B. Brown is dominant
C. Blue is dominant
D. Blue is dominant

A

B brown is dominant

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16
Q

If a homozygous black cat (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white cat (bb), what is the probability of having a cat with white fur?
A. 100%
B. 0%
C. 75%
D. 25%

A

0%

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17
Q

A fixed location of a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

A

LOCUS

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18
Q

Having identical genes (from one each parent) for particular characteristics

A

HOMOZYGOUS

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19
Q

Alleles of genes are of the same type

A

HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (PP)

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20
Q

Two identical alleles but recessive

A

HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (pp)

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21
Q

Having two different genes for particular characteristics

A

HETEROZYGOUS

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22
Q

The allele of a gene that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele; the trait appears in the heterozygous condition

A

DOMINANT (heterozygous)

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23
Q

Malting that involves parents that differ in two genes (two independent traits)

A

DIHYBRID CROSS

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24
Q

Genetic cross that determines the zygosity of the parent of the parent for the trait

A

TEST CROSS

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25
Q

A cross with the phenotype of each sex reversed as composed with the original cross, to test the role of parental sex

A

RECIPROCAL CROSS

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26
Q

The similarities between reciprocal and test cross (3)

A

They are genetic crosses
They reveal genetic basis of traits
They involve a cross between two individual

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27
Q

Why you should choose pea plants?

A

ease in cultivations
Fast in generation time
Produce several seeds
Possesses various traits
EFPP

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28
Q

__________ are easily tracked because it is discontinuous

A

Variations

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29
Q

Austrian monk, born what is now Czech republic in 1822

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

30
Q

Gregor Johann Mendel is a son of a __________, studied ______ and was ordained priest Order ______

A

peasant farmer, theology, St. augustine

31
Q

He also went to the university of _______, where he studied_______ and learned _________

A

VIENNA, BOTANY, SCIENTIFIC METHOD

32
Q

He worked with pure lines of peas for ___________ years

A

EIGHT YEARS

33
Q

Prior to Mendel, heredity was regarded as a “______” process and the offspring were “_______” of the different parental characteristics

A

BLENDING AND DILUTION

34
Q

Is a belief or idea about inheritance before mendel put forward the mendelian inheritance pattern

A

BLENDING PROCESS

35
Q

In _____ he published experiment is plants hybridization

A

1866

36
Q

Gregor mendels 3 Law of inheritance

A

LAW OF DOMINANCE
LAW OF SEGREGATION
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

37
Q

Presented the result of his experiments on pea plants

A

1865

38
Q

Is concerned with the transmission, expression, and evolution of genes, the molecules that control the function of development and ultimate appearance of individuals

A

GENES

39
Q

His work was largely ignored for _____, until _____ when __ independent botanists discovered mendels work

A

34 YEARS UNTIL 1900 WHEN 3

40
Q

Between ______ and ______, two major changes took place in biological science.

A

1866 AND 1900

41
Q

First, by the turn of the cen- tury, not only had scientists discovered chromosomes, but they also had learned to understand chromosomal
movement during cell division.

A

1866

42
Q

Second, biologists were
better prepared to handle mathematics by the turn of the
century than they were during Mendel’s time.

A

1900

43
Q

Mendel worked with the common garden pea plant

A

PISUM SATIVUM

44
Q

Parental generation

A

P

45
Q

First filial; offspring from a genetic cross

A

F1

46
Q

Second filial generation of a genetic cross

A

F2

47
Q

Mendel observed _______tall and _____ dwarf plants for a ratio of ______

A

787 AND 277 AND RATIO OF 2.84:1.

48
Q

Mendel looked at seven traits or characteristics of pea plants:

A
  • SEED SHAPE
  • SEED COLOR
  • POD SHAPE
  • POD COLOR
  • POD LOCATION
  • STEM LENGTH
  • FLOWER COLOR
49
Q

Round or wrinkled

A

SEED SHAPE

50
Q

yellow or green

A

SEED COLOR

51
Q

Full or constricted

A

POD SHAPE

52
Q

green or yellow

A

POD COLOR

53
Q

Axial pods and flowers along
stem (sides) or Terminal pods
and flowers on the top of stems
(nasa-dulo)

A

POD LOCATION

54
Q

■ Tall or short (taas or pandak)

A

STEM LENGTH

55
Q

Purple or white

A

FLOWER COLOR

56
Q

Mendel assumed that each plant contained two determinants

A

GENES

57
Q

was the first biologist to use
Mathematics – to explain his results
quantitatively

A

MENDEL

58
Q

Melanin

A

SKIN COLOR

59
Q

GROWTH

A

HEIGHT

60
Q

Cysteine in proteins

A

CURLY

61
Q

The simplest way to test the hypothesis is by

A

progeny testing

62
Q

the phenotype of the heterozygote falls between those of the two homozygotes.

A

partial dominance (or incom-
plete dominance),

63
Q

protein catalyst

A

ENZYME

64
Q

Anther and filament

A

STAMEN

65
Q

Offspring of the cross between two true-breeding parents

A

HYBRIDS

66
Q

Geneticists and microbiologists have adopted schemes that re-
late to the wild-type; organisms commonly used in genetic
studies, the wild-type has red eyes and round wings (fruit flies)

A

DROSOPHILA

67
Q

Alternatives to the wild-type are referred to as ________

A

MUTANTS

68
Q

which states that alleles for onegene can segregate independently of alleles for other

A

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

69
Q

Occurs when the heterozygote phenotype is indistinguishable from that of the homozygous parent

A

COMPLETE DOMINANCE

70
Q

Occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous phenotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homzygous phenotypes

A

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

71
Q

Occurs when the phenotypes of both parents are simultaneously expressed in the same offspring organism

A

Co-dominance

CYTOGENETICS - SECOND SEM (9 decks)

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