LESSON 1 - PRELIM Flashcards
The study of chromosomes which are the visible
carriers of the hereditary material
Cytogenetics
study of cells
Cytology
study of inherited variation
Genetic
study of transmission of traits and biological
information between generations
Heredity
are simply differences in genetic sequence
Variation
the set of genes in its DNA
responsible for a particular trait
o Genetic material, genetic make-up
Genotype
the physical expression of those genes
o Whatever is your genotype, it will be
expressed in a form of phenotype
Phenotype
Examples of Genetic Variation
- Domesticated species
- Human genetics
- Natural populations
o Dogs, cats
o Observable difference in color, fur and size
- Domesticated species
o Variation in skin color, height, eye color
- Human genetics
o However, in the natural population, genetic
composition of a population gene pool may
change over time because of evolution
- Natural populations
Three (3) primary sources of genetic variation
Mutations
Gene flow
Sex
- Changes in DNA
- Single mutation can have large effect
- However, evolutionary change is based on the
accumulation of many mutation
Mutations
- Any movement of genes from one population to
another - Important source of genetic variation
Gene flow
- Can introduce new gene combinations into a
population - Important source of genetic variation
- Sex-linked characteristics
Sex
The Cell contains a nucleus where the genetic
material is located _________
chromosome
_________ is packaged into a threadlike structure of chromosome
DNA molecule
____________ a tightly coiled compactly
dense structure inside the nucleus; each
chromosome is made of DNA tightly coiled
many times around proteins called histones
(forming nucleosome, undergoing
condensation, forming chromatin, after
further condensation, forms chromosomes)
Chromosome
________ is made of a very long strand of DNA
and contains many genes (hundreds to thousands)
Chromosome
________ basic physical unit of inheritance
Gene
___________ is the molecule that is the hereditary
material of all living cells (composed of
nucleotides)
DNA
________ basic building block of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Nucleotides consists of:
Sugar molecule – ribose
(RNA) and deoxyribose
(DNA)
Attached to a phosphate
group
Nitrogen-containing base
- Genes are made up of DNA (One gene =
one prote
HISTORY OF GENETICS
(5)
Children resemble their parents
Domestication of animals and plants, selective
breeding for good characteristics
Sumerian horse breeding records
o Egyptian data palm breeding
o Bible and hemophilia