Nucleic acid

Question 1

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

Answer 1

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 2

What are the 4 bases in RNA?

Answer 2

Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 3

Which two bases are the purines?

Answer 3

Adenine

Guanine

Question 4

Which bases are pyridines?

Answer 4

Uracil
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 5

What is the difference between uracil and thymine?

Answer 5

Thymine has a methyl group which uracil does not

Question 6

Where does the sugar join to the purines?

Answer 6

At the 5 membered ring

Question 7

What is the sugar called in RNA?

Answer 7

β-D-Ribofuranose

Question 8

What is the sugar called in DNA?

Answer 8

2-Deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose

Question 9

Where is the oxygen lost in β-D-Ribofuranose to become 2-Deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose?

Answer 9

2- position

Question 10

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 10

The base and sugar

Question 11

Where does the bond form between the base and the sugar in a nucleoside?

Answer 11

At the 1 position

Question 12

What is the name of adenine + sugar in RNA?

Answer 12

Adenosine

Question 13

What is the sugar called in DNA?

Answer 13

2-Deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose

Question 14

What is the name of uracil + sugar in RNA?

Answer 14

Uridine

Question 15

What is the name of cytosine + sugar in RNA?

Answer 15

Cytidine

Question 16

What is the name of adenine and sugar in DNA?

Answer 16

2-deoxyadenosine

Question 17

What is the name of thymine and sugar in DNA?

Answer 17

2-deoxythymidine

Question 18

How do you name nucleosides?

Answer 18

β-N1-Glycosidic bond

Question 19

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 19

Nucleoside + phosphate

Question 20

Which positions can phosphate join?

Answer 20

2’
3’
5’

Question 21

Which position is phosphate usually joined at?

Answer 21

5’ - OH position

Question 22

What types of phosphates can form?

Answer 22

mono-
di-
tri-

Question 23

What is the name of cytosine and sugar in DNA?

Answer 23

2-deoxycytidine

Question 24

What is the name of guanine and sugar in DNA?

Answer 24

2-deoxyguanosine

Question 25

What is the full name of the nucleotide with the adenine base in DNA with one phosphate?

Answer 25

2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate

Question 26

What is the short hand for 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate?

Answer 26

dAMP

Question 27

What is the full name of the nucleotide with the guanine base in DNA with one phosphate?

Answer 27

2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate

Question 28

What is the full name of the nucleotide with the thymine base in DNA with one phosphate?

Answer 28

2'-Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate

Question 29

What is the shorthand for 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate?

Answer 29

dGMP

Question 30

What is the shorthand for 2'-Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate?

Answer 30

dTMP

Question 31

What is the full name of the nucleotide with the cytosine base in DNA with one phosphate?

Answer 31

2'-Deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate

Question 32

What is the shorthand for 2'-Deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate?

Answer 32

dCMP

Question 33

Which direction is the strand read?

Answer 33

5' to 3'

Question 34

In the phosphodiester backbone, where does the phosphate group link to?

Answer 34

The 3'-OH of one sugar to the 5'-OH of the next

Question 35

What is the general structure of DNA?

Answer 35

Double stranded with a double helix structure

Question 36

What is the diameter of the double helix?

Answer 36

2.37 nM

Question 37

What is the distance between base pairs?

Answer 37

0.33 nM

Question 38

What is the pitch of a double helix (How far up one turn is)?

Answer 38

3.40 nM

Question 39

How many base pairs are there per complete turn?

Answer 39

10.4

Question 40

How many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine?

Answer 40

2

Question 41

How many hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

What types of bond pairs are between the bases?

Answer 42

Hydrogen bonds

Question 43

What are the 4 types of interactions which stabilise the double helix structure?

Answer 43

Stacking interactions Hydrogen bonds Hydrophobic effects Charge-charge interactions

Question 44

How do stacking interactions stabilise the double helix structure?

Answer 44

Causes van der waal forces between base pairs | Bases are aromatic structures which means there are pi clouds that are close together

Question 45

How do the hydrophobic effects stabilise the double helix structure?

Answer 45

The hydrophobic purines and pyrimidines are buried within the helix and this increases stability

Question 46

How do charge-charge interactions stabilise the double helix structure?

Answer 46

The electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged phosphates is minimised by the presence of ions

Question 47

What structure does RNA form?

Answer 47

Usually single stranded but can form double helices including a hairpin loop

Question 48

What can RNA do with DNA?

Answer 48

Hybridise with it to form G-C, A-T and U-A base pairs