Amino acids

Question 1

What are the complex polymers that amino acids called?

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

What are the 5 components of an amino acid?

Answer 2

Chiral carbon centre 
Hydrogen 
Carboxylic acid group 
Amino group 
Variable 'R' group

Question 3

How many basic amino acids are there?

Answer 3

20

Question 4

What causes the amino acids to be different?

Answer 4

Variable ‘R’ chain

Question 5

What does chiral mean?

Answer 5

The central carbon has 4 different groups of atoms attached

Question 6

Because amino acids are chiral, what does this mean they form?

Answer 6

Enantiomers

Question 7

What are enantiomers?

Answer 7

Non-superimposable mirror images

Question 8

What are the two names for the enantiomers?

Answer 8

L

D

Question 9

What does D stand for?

Answer 9

Dextro

Question 10

What does the D enantiomer do?

Answer 10

Rotate plane polarised light clockwise (+)

Question 11

What does the L stand for?

Answer 11

Laevo

Question 12

What does the L enantiomer do?

Answer 12

Rotate plane polarised light anticlockwise (-)

Question 13

What type of enantiomer are proteins made from?

Answer 13

L enantiomers

Question 14

What two labels can be used for the stereochemistry of amino acids?

Answer 14

R and S

Question 15

How many amino acids have S stereochemistry?

Answer 15

18

Question 16

What stereochemistry do natural protein forming amino acids have?

Answer 16

the same L-stereochemistry

Question 17

What happens to the amino acids in a neutral pH solution?

Answer 17

They are ionised to a zwitterion

Question 18

What is a zwitterion?

Answer 18

Dipolar molecule

Question 19

What becomes charged in an amino acid in a zwitterion?

Answer 19

NH2 becomes NH3+

COOH becomes COO-

Question 20

What is an acidic pKa?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

What is an amides pKa?

Answer 21

9-10

Question 22

When does NH3+ form? Why?

Answer 22

In pH = 1 (acidic)

Extra protons in acidic solution so protonates to compensate

Question 23

When does COO- form? Why?

Answer 23

In pH = 11 (basic)

There arent many protons so it de-protonates to make up for it

Question 24

What is the neutral point called?

Answer 24

Isoelectric point

Question 25

What is an acid?

Answer 25

Proton donor

Question 26

What is a base?

Answer 26

Proton acceptor

Question 27

What is the equation for the equilibrium constant?

Answer 27

K = [H+][A-] / [HA]

Question 28

What is the equation to work out pH?

Answer 28

pH = - log K = log 1/K

Question 29

Which amino acids are natural amino acids? (5)

Answer 29

``` Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine ```

Question 30

Gly?

Answer 30

Glycerine

Question 31

What side chain does Gly have?

Answer 31

H

Question 32

Ala?

Answer 32

Alanine

Question 33

What side chain does Ala have?

Answer 33

CH3

Question 34

Val?

Answer 34

Valine

Question 35

What side chain does Val have?

Answer 35

CH(CH3)2

Question 36

Leu?

Answer 36

Leucine

Question 37

What side chain does Leu have?

Answer 37

CH2-CH(CH3)2

Question 38

Ile?

Answer 38

Isoleucine

Question 39

What side chain does Ile have?

Answer 39

CH(CH3)CH2CH3

Question 40

Which amino acids have aromatic side chains?

Answer 40

Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan

Question 41

Phe?

Answer 41

Phenylalanine

Question 42

What side chain does Phe have?

Answer 42

CH2-Benzene ring

Question 43

Tyr?

Answer 43

Tyrosine

Question 44

What side chain does Tyr have?

Answer 44

CH2-benzene-OH

Question 45

Trp?

Answer 45

Tryptophan

Question 46

What side chain does Trp have?

Answer 46

CH2-Pentagon with one NH substiuted-Benzene

Question 47

Which amino acids contain sulfur atoms?

Answer 47

Cysteine | Methionine

Question 48

Cys?

Answer 48

Cysteine

Question 49

Met?

Answer 49

Methionine

Question 50

What side chain does cysteine have?

Answer 50

CH2-SH

Question 51

What side chain does methionine have?

Answer 51

CH2-CH-S-CH3

Question 52

Which amino acids have basic side chains?

Answer 52

Lysine Arginine Histidine

Question 53

Lys?

Answer 53

Lysine

Question 54

Arg?

Answer 54

Arginine

Question 55

His?

Answer 55

Histidine

Question 56

What side chain does Lys have?

Answer 56

CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH3+

Question 57

What side chain does Arg have?

Answer 57

CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(=NH)- NH3+

Question 58

What side chain does histidine have?

Answer 58

CH2-Pentagon with 2 substituted N atoms

Question 59

Which amino acids have acid side chains?

Answer 59

Aspartate Glutamate Asparagine Glutamine

Question 60

Asp?

Answer 60

Aspartate

Question 61

Glu?

Answer 61

Glutamate

Question 62

Asn?

Answer 62

Asparagine

Question 63

Gln?

Answer 63

Glutamine

Question 64

What side chain does aspartate have?

Answer 64

CH2-COO-

Question 65

What side chain does glutamate have?

Answer 65

CH2-CH2-COO-

Question 66

What side chain does asparagine have?

Answer 66

CH2-CONH2

Question 67

What side chain does glutamine have?

Answer 67

CH2-CH2-CONH2

Question 68

Which amino acids have a hydroxyl side chain?

Answer 68

Serine | Threonine

Question 69

Ser?

Answer 69

Serine

Question 70

Thr?

Answer 70

Threonine

Question 71

What side chain does Ser have?

Answer 71

CH2-OH

Question 72

What side chain does Thr have?

Answer 72

CH(OH)-CH3

Question 73

What type of amino acid is proline?

Answer 73

Imino acid

Question 74

Which amino acids can be phosphorylated? Which part?

Answer 74

Ser Thr Lys OH group

Question 75

Which amino acid can be acetylated?

Answer 75

Lys

Question 76

Which amino acid can be hydroxylated?

Answer 76

Proline | Ring of proline

Question 77

How do amino acids form proteins?

Answer 77

Condensation reaction causes water to be lost and peptide bond to form