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CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry > Cell and its constituents > Flashcards

Cell and its constituents Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two major cell types?

A

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

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2
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria
No cell compartments
Unicellular

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3
Q

What are the components of a prokaryote?

A 
Cell wall 
Flagella 
Cell membrane 
Ribosomes 
Plasmid
Cytoplasm
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4
Q

What is a prokaryote cell wall made of?

A

Peptidoglycan layer made of polysaccharides and polypeptides

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a cell wall?

A

Provide support to the cell from internal pressure

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6
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Animal and plant cells

They are complex cells with organelles

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7
Q

What are the organelles in a eukaryotic cell?

A 
Cell membrane 
Nucleus 
Endoplasmic reticulum 
Ribosomes 
Golgi apparatus 
Mitochondria 
Lysosomes 
Cytoplasm
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8
Q

What are the components of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Channel/carrier proteins
cholesterol
glycoproteins/globular proteins

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9
Q

What are the parts of a lipid?

A

Polar head

Non-polar tail

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10
Q

What are micelles?

A

Collection of lipids with the hydrophobic tails pointing in and the hydrophilic head pointing outwards

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11
Q

What is the purpose of a phospholipid bilayer?

A

To prevent polar molecules from passing through the membrane

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12
Q

What are the types of life forces involved in biological systems?

A 
covalent bonds 
electrostatic interactions 
hydrogen bond 
hydrophobic interactions 
solvent considerations
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13
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Two atoms sharing electrons

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of covalent bonds?

A

Strong bonds

determine the structure of biomolecules

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15
Q

What is ionic interactions?

A

interaction between two ions

They can be strong

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16
Q

What are dipole-dipole interactions?

A

Interaction between two dipoles or an ion and a dipole

Dipoles arise from differences in electronegativity

17
Q

What are dispersion forces?

A

Interaction between temporary dipoles

Non-polar molecules can occasionally have uneven electron distribution

18
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

Interaction between a hydrogen atom bonded to N,O, F and N, O, F atoms

19
Q

What is the length of a hydrogen bond?

A

2.5Å

20
Q

What happens to hydrogen bonds when they become longer than 2.5Å?

A

They become dipole-dipole interactions

21
Q

What are hydrophobic interactions?

A

interactions between non-polar molecules

22
Q

What are hydrophobic interactions based on?

A

Entropy

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

23
Q

What is the driving force for hydrophobic interactions?

A

Increased entropy

More disorder

24
Q

What type of bonds are in polypeptides?

A

Covalent bonds

25
Q

What type of bonds are in DNA?

A

Covalent bonds

26
Q

What type of bonds are there between enzymes and small molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

ionic bonds

27
Q

What bonds does water weaken?

A

ionic
dipole
hydrogen

28
Q

What is the importance of weak interactions?

A

weak by themselves but strong together which aids in protein folding

CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry (13 decks)

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