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CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Fischer projection?

A

Flattened 2D representation of a 3D molecule

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2
Q

How does a Fischer projection imagine a molecule?

A

Over a plane

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3
Q

In a Fischer projection, which way do horizontal bonds point?

A

Towards you

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4
Q

In a Fischer projection, which way do vertical bonds point?

A

Away from you

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5
Q

What are the two rotations allowed in a Fischer projection?

A

Rotating 180 degrees

Rotating three of the groups /

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6
Q

Where does the rotation of three of the groups happen?

A

Around a single bond

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7
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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8
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple carbohydrates whos name ends in -ose

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9
Q

What do monosaccharides contain?

A

Either an aldehyde or a ketone

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10
Q

What are monosaccharides classified by?

A

The number of carbons

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11
Q

What type of structure can monosaccharides form?

A

Cyclic

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12
Q

How do monosaccharides form cyclic structures?

A

One OH- reacts with the carbonyl

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13
Q

What is the pyranose form?

A

6 membered cyclic structure

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14
Q

What is the anomeric carbon?

A

The carbon that was part of the carbonyl when the monosaccharide was in the straight chain form

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15
Q

What are the two major conformations that the pyranose form can have?

A

α-glucopyranose

β-glucopyranose

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16
Q

What are monosaccharides synthesised from?

A

Glyceraldehyde

17
Q

What is the stereochemistry like in monosaccharides?

A

All D-carbohydrates have the same stereochemistry on the carbon furthest away from the carbonyl group as D-glyceraldehyde

18
Q

The stereochemistry of which part of the molecule determine the saccharide?

A

-OH group

19
Q

What type of bond is formed between the pyranose form and another monosaccharide?

A

Glycosidic

20
Q

What is the name of the glycosidic bond based on?

A

The carbon number and anomer

21
Q

What are the 2 ways that the glycosidic bonds can be arranged?

A

α

β

22
Q

What are the three common disaccharides?

A

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

23
Q

What is sucrose made up of?

A

Glucose

Fructose

24
Q

What is maltose made up of?

A

Glucose

Glucose

25
Q

What is lactose made up of?

A

Glucose

Galactose

26
Q

What glycosidic bond is formed in sucrose?

A

α-1,2’-β linkage

27
Q

What glycosidic bond is formed in maltose?

A

α-1,4’ linkage

28
Q

What glycosidic bond is formed in lactose?

A

β-1,4’ linkage

29
Q

When is maltose formed?

A

When starch is degraded by amylase

CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry (13 decks)

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