Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry > Genes and disease > Flashcards

Genes and disease Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three main reasons that genes can become damaged?

A

Inheritance
Ageing
Environmental damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does inheritance affect gene damage?

A

Any genes that are damaged can be inherited from the parental genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does ageing affect gene damage?

A

The normal process of DNA replication during cell division can introduce errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two ways environmental damage can harm genes?

A

Through radiation and through Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does radiation affect genes?

A

UV and ionising radiation damage DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do chemicals affect genes?

A

Some chemicals can react covalently with DNA causing damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 things that can happen when genes go wrong?

A 
Gene deletions 
Extra genes 
Chromosome breakage and translocation 
Change of DNA sequence 
Modifications to control regions of genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the result of a gene deletions?

A

Result in severe mental and physical disabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the result of extra genes?

A

Mental and physical differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the result of a chromosome breakage and translocation?

A

Results in mutant genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the result of modifications to control regions of genes?

A

Altered gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 results that can happen when you change one base within a gene?

A

Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it mean if the result is silent?

A

The code is degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does it mean if the result is missense?

A

Codes for another amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does it mean if the result is nonsense?

A

It codes for stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does it mean if the result is a frameshift?

A

Deletion of one base changes the meaning of the DNA downstream

17
Q

How are abnormal proteins formed?

A

By changes (mutations) to the DNA code

18
Q

What can abnormal proteins be a target for?

A

New drugs and so lead to new cures

19
Q

How do abnormal proteins function?

A

In abnormal ways

CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions