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Chemistry in the Community - Kautz > Nuclear Chemistry > Flashcards

Nuclear Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are penetrating rays emitted by a radioactive source called?

A

Radiation

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2
Q

What is a gas filled metal tube used to detect radiation?

A

Geiger Counter

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3
Q

What are changes in the structure of DNA that fuels evolution?

A

Mutations

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4
Q

What is the SI unit for measuring the amount you are exposed to ionizing radiation called?

A

Gray

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5
Q

What is a relatively constant level of natural radiation?

A

Background radiation

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6
Q

What contains two protons and two neutrons and has a double positive charge?

A

Alpha Particle

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7
Q

What device uses a phosphor to detect radiation?

A

Scintillation Counter

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8
Q

What is the time required for half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation and to decay?

A

Half-Life

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9
Q

What happens when the nuclei of certain isotopes are bombarded with neutrons splitter the nucleus into smaller fragments?

A

Fission

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10
Q

What is a control method for neutrons that involves decreasing the number of slow neutrons?

A

Neutron Absorption

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11
Q

What is the process that uranium gives off rays?

A

Radioactivity

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12
Q

What is a radioactive substance because they have unstable nuclei?

A

Radioisotope

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13
Q

What is radiation that carries energy and potential harm and causes electrons to be ejected from atoms and molecules forming ions?

A

Ionizing Radiation

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14
Q

What are radioisotopes used to study chemical reactions and molecular structures?

A

Tracers

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15
Q

What are rods of cadmium that are used to increase or decrease the amount of energy produced?

A

Control Rods

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16
Q

What do we use to measure the ionizing effect of living organisms?

A

REM

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17
Q

What is the number of ionizations within a given volume?

A

Radiation Density

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18
Q

What is the cancer of the white blood cells?

A

Leukemia

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19
Q

What happens when two nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass?

A

Fusion

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20
Q

What is a disease where cell growth and metabolism is out of control?

21
Q

What consists of fast-moving electrons formed by the decomposing of a neutron of an atom?

A

Beta Radiation

22
Q

What are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons?

23
Q

What process is an unstable nucleus that loses energy by emitting radiation?

A

Radioactive Decay

24
Q

What unit expresses the absorbed dose of radiation?

25
Q

What process slows down the neutrons so that they can be captured by the reactor fuel to continue the chain reaction?

A

Neutron Moderation

26
Q

What are pellets of Uranium used to make energy?

27
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation in the visible and lower energy regions that is not harmful?

A

Nonionizing Radiation

28
Q

What is very harmful electromagnetic radiation with no mass and no electrical charge, with a very high frequency and small wavelength?

A

Gamma Radiation

29
Q

What is the quantity of radiation received?

A

Radiation Dosage

30
Q

What is a device that consists of several layers of photographic film covered with black lightproof paper encased in a plastic or metal holder?

A

Film Badge

31
Q

Where is electricity generated in a nuclear reactor?

32
Q

Chlorine (Cl) undergoes beta radiation. What is its new identity?

A

Argon (Ar)

33
Q

Gamma Radiation can only be stopped by what?

34
Q

What is the safe amount of REM to be exposed to?

A

0.5 REM per year

35
Q

Who laid the groundwork for the field of nuclear chemistry?

A

Antoine Henri Becquerel

36
Q

Which of the following is the weakest type of radiation? Alpha, Beta, Gamma?

37
Q

Lead (Pb) undergoes alpha radiation. What is its new identity?

A

Mercury (Hg)

38
Q

The body can resist low levels of ionizing radiation because it can repair the damage?

39
Q

What causes a nucleus to become unstable?

A

Too many neutrons

40
Q

Where can Radon be found?

A

Ground water

41
Q

What type of cancer can excess radon lead to?

A

Lung cancer

42
Q

Geiger counters are primarily used for detecting what type of radiation?

43
Q

Why can’t Geiger counters detect Gamma radiation?

A

Don’t produce enough current

44
Q

What objects use nuclear fusion as their main energy source?

45
Q

Why can’t we use fusion as an energy source?

A

Requires temperatures that are too high

46
Q

What is problematic about a nuclear fission?

A

Reactions are hard to control

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of ionizing radiation? Gamma radiation, X-Ray radiation, Visible Life?

A

Visible Life

48
Q

Where are protons located?

A

Inside the nucleus

49
Q

What is a form of ionizing radiation that results from charges in the nuclei of atoms?

A

Nuclear Radiation

Chemistry in the Community - Kautz (24 decks)

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