Chapter 8 - - Chemistry of the Body Flashcards
What is the term for when molecules undergo a transformation within a biological catalyst?
Substrates
What is the term for a biochemical category that contains fats?
Lipids
What is a food additive that has the same amount of calories as sugar, but is thousands of times sweeter?
Aspartame
What is a type of fat that contains majority saturated fats?
Animal fat
What is the term for the amount of energy that is required to heat 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius?
calorie
What is the substance that limits the amount of product that is made?
Limiting substance
What is a carbohydrate that only contains one sugar ring?
Monosaccharide
What is the term for the state in which a person consumes enough calories in a day, but does not consume the proper nutrients?
Malnourished
What is the term for chemicals added to foods to enhance shelf like or taste?
Food Additives
What are Biological catalysts?
Enzymes
What is a fat molecule that contains only single bonds in the chain?
Trans fat
What is the state in which a person does not consume enough calories?
Undernourished
What is a macro molecule that is made up of a combination of amino acids?
Carbohydrates
What is a term combination of three fatty acid molecules with a glycerol?
Triglyceride
Be able to Identify they type of macro molecule diagram
See your notes
What is the term for fats that contain multiple double bonds in the Chain?
fats
What is the term for Amino acids that must be consumed from specific plants or in dietary supplements if one does not consume meat?
Complimentary Proteins
What is the term for sugars that form polymers?
Polysaccharides
What are the essential molecules that are required for survival but are not fats, proteins or carbohydrates?
Vitamins
What is a type of vitamin that can be stored in the body?
Fat-Soluble
What are the amino acids that can be consumed by eating meats?
Complete Proteins
What type of fat usually contains unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats?
Plant fat
What is a classification of compounds that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - they can either be found in chain form or ring form?
Carbohydrates
What is the term for a carbohydrate that contains two sugar rings?
Disacchardie
What is the molecules that make up proteins and contain a COOH and NH3 group?
Amino Acids
What is the term for the main energy carbohydrate that is broken down by glycolysis in the body?
Glucose
What is the device that is used to measure the amount of energy in a substance?
Calorimeter
What is the process in which unsaturated fatty acids have hydrogen atoms added to the double bonds?
Partial Hydrogenation
Be able to identify a picture of a TYPE of molecule
Use you notes
How much energy is in 1 g of fat?
9 cal
Where does all energy from food come from?
The sun
What would be an example of a polysaccharide?
Starch
Be able to identify a transport protein
Use your notes
What type of head and tail do fatty acids have?
Head - - polar
Tail - - nonpolar
Be able to identify the limiting reactant of a picture
Use your notes
What is the heaviest type of fat?
Polyunsaturated
Be able to identify the biochemical process from an equation
Use your notes
What biochemical are metabolized by the body for energy?
Lipids and Amino Acids
What proteins are part of chromosome structure?
Histones
What type of proteins help to control metabolism?
Insulin
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
What protein has the function of acting like an antibody?
Gamma Globin
Be able to identify a fat molecule
Use your notes
What is an example of a disaccharide?
Lactose
What is a byproduct of the creation of one triglyceride molecule?
Water
Where are triglycerides stored?
Adipose cells
