NREMT Quizes III Flashcards
Pt was rear ended and got whip lash. Now complaining of weak/numb upper extremities. What’s wrong?
Central cord syndrome DT hyper flexion of the neck
Pt has weak/numbness in lower extremities DT a tumor on the spinal cord. What’s wrong?
Anterior cord syndrome
Regarding the heart, what is backwards failure vs forwards failure?
Backwards = L ventricle cant pump blood out fast enough = BACK flow into lungs
Forwards failure = L vent can’t pump enough pump out to rest of body
If afterload increases, what will happen to stroke volume?
It decreases
CO = ___ x ____
CO = SV x HR
What are normal bicarbonate (HCO3) levels?
22-26
Differentiate between the following antibodies:
IgM
IgD
IgA
IgG
IgM = produced first (*M= Me first)
IgD = lowest quantity
IgA = saliva/tears
IgG = Greatest memory
Explain the “Atrial kick”
Atria pumps blood into ventricles after ventricles are already full = greater ventricular contraction
In what arryhthmia would you see PR depression?
Pericarditis
R wave progression is a sign of what? When would you see the transition?
good R wave progression = healthy septum
Transition @ V3
What is “Mittlesmirtz”
Mittleshmirtz = middle pain (pn during ovulation in the middle of a period)
The egg that popped out of the ovary first is called the…
Graffian follicle
What is the ductus arteriosus?
Fetal artery that connects the pulmonary artery & aorta (bypassess the lungs)
Pt w/ bowel obstruction typically has hypotension & bradycardia. Why?
Pressure pushes on vagus nerve = bradycardia
Fluid swelling & inflammation = hypotension DT 3rd spacing
2 major classic signs of an addisonian crisis?
Hypotension & hypoglycemia DT no adrenal hormones (epi/norepi)
Would a person w/ Cushing’s disease be hyper or hypotensive? Why?
Hypertensive. Cushing = excess corticosteroid/cortisol hormones which are OPPOSITE of epi/norepi. They will instead have fluid retention issues
What is TORCH? What does it mean?
Mnemonic shows all diseases that cross placenta barrier & can infect fetus in utero
Toxoplasmosis Other (syphilis, chicken pox) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes infections
What’s Hanson’s disease?
AKA Leprosy = slow growing bacterial infections on skin hands, nerves, eyes, nose
What’s cytomegalovirus?
Herpes virus spread via body secretions. Similar SS like mono
What’s tularemia?
Infects animals & people, attacks skin, eyes, lymph nodes, lungs
What is wellen’s syndrome
ECG w/ deep inverted or biphasic T waves in V2-3 = critical LAD narrowing. High risk impending widow maker
What is the circle of Willis? What arteries feed it?
Circle of Willis = blood supply in brain, supplied by…
- Internal carotids
- Basilar arteries
- Vertebral arteries
Define status Epilepticus
2+ consecutive seizures OR seizure >5min
Obese pt SOB when supine DT heavy stomach pressing on diaphragm. What is this called?
Pickwickian syndrome
Elderly pt w/ dysphagia after eat. Pt complains tasting the same food she ate yesterday still. What’s the issue?
Zankers diverticulum (pouch forms in esophagus & traps old food)
On a 12-lead ECG, which lead is the only lead w/ a normally inverted P wave
AvR
What’s a fancy medical name for “headache”?
Cephalalgia
Pt w/ migraine Hx w/ aura has increased risk of what…
Hemorrhagic stroke DT defect in vascular walls.
Pt (usually a kid) stops everything they’re doing and freezes/stares for a couple seconds into space. What’s wrong?
Absence (petite mal seizures)
Pt suddenly becomes rigid, and starts spasming before becoming postictal. What kind of seizure is this?
Tonic-clonic (grand mal seizure)
How are pseudoseizures different from normal seizures?
Cause is psychiatric not physiological. (Ex. Traumatic emotional stress or pain)
Pt has tremors initially in their L hand. Tremors then move to L arm… then L shoulder… then R shoulder… what’s wrong?
AKA “Jacksonian March”. A partial seizure that moves from one body part to another
What nerve controls the intercostal muscles?
The intercostal
What nerve controls the scapula & helps lifts the ribs?
The thoracic nerve
What nerve controls the diaphragm
The phrenic nerve
What’s the graffian follicle and what hormone does it secrete?
Graffian follicle = first egg pop out of ovarian follicle. Secretes estrogen
What is inderal? What’s it used for?
Inderal = brand name for propranolol (beta blocker).
What’s amitriptyline?
Amitriptyline - tricyclic antidepressant
What happens when pt overdoses on a tricyclic antidepressant? What Rx?
Anticholinergic SS (mad hatter, red beat, dry bone, hot hare)
Cardiac: stretches out all QRS, QT, PRI until torsades.
Rx = sodium bicarb
A deficiency in Magnesium can result in what arrhythmia?
Torsades
What structure suspends the duodenum & separates upper from lower GI?
Ligament of trietz
Pt has bilateral calf pain w/ bilateral purple discoloration mid calf downwards. What’s wrong?
Venous stasis
Following an animal bite, pt has itching, fever, headache, confusion, hallucinations and insomnia. What’s wrong?
Rabies
What is rabies
neuro virus that spreads via saliva of animals
What respiratory disease has excessive mucus plugs in bronchioles?
1 = chronic bronchitis
What is the smallest functional unit of the liver?
Hepatocytes
What is the smallest functional unit of the lungs
Alveoli
What is the smallest functional unit of the kidneys?
Nephrons
What is the smallest functional unit of the brain
Neurons
What is the smallest functional unit of the heart?
Cardio yet
Explain, physiologically, why pt’s have chest pain from angina?
The cardiocytes are in anaerobic metabolism
How does Afib affect a persons cardiac output?
Knocks it by 20-25% DT loss of atrial kick
Pt has JVD when they breathe in. What’s this called and what does it mean?
AKA Kussmauls sign = obstruction to R ventricle outflow = backwards pumping of blood
Ex. Pericarditis, Pericardial tamponade, R ventricular failure, COPD
What is Prinzmetals angina? What causes it?
CP DT coronary artery spasms DT defect in Calcium channels
R side failure = peripheral edema. What is a “national registry” way of calling “peripheral edema”
Venous congestion
The lymphatic system empties into the…
Subclavian vein
West Nile virus causes ____ and is spread by ____
Encephalitis, mosquitos
When benzodiazepines are metabolized.. they become…
Active metabolites
Besides a blood clot. What are 3 other things that can cause Claudication?
Spinal problem, atherosclerosis, Diabetes mellitus
Of the following, which doesn’t have JVD?
Cardiac tamponade, hemothorax, tension pneumo, L side failure?
Hemothorax
Coumadin is a blood thinner that disables the action of which?
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B1
Vitamin K
Pt has circumferential burn to leg from mid femur down. They’re at risk for what emergency?
Hyperkalemia & kidney damage, compartment syndrome
What’s a hypochondriac?
Someone way too stressed about their health
What ligament attaches your femur to your pelvis
Ligamentum teres
In which of the following is the O2 Torr pressure the highest?
- Atmosphere
- venules
- alveoli
- arteries
Alveoli
When RBCs can’t fold and get clumped together DT acidosis, this is called…
Rouleaux