Last minute TEST questions Flashcards
1
Q
At what BGL do you start to pee out glucose?
A
160-180mg/dL
2
Q
You walk into a medical emergency and pt smells of ammonia. What do you think?
A
Ammonia. = piss. Think Diabetic type II (HHNC/HONK)
3
Q
How do type II diabetes die from HONK?
A
Severe dehydration kills brain perfusion = neuron death
4
Q
What does hyperlipidemia mean?
A
High fat content in your blood. Common in diabetics
5
Q
Rx for hyperkalemia?
A
Calcium gluconate first.
Calcium chloride or Sodium Bicarb = lesser choices
6
Q
When someone is in acidosis. Which way does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift?
A
To the right (acidosis)
7
Q
At what BGL do brain cells typically start to die?
A
< 18mg/dL
8
Q
How to estimate ETT size in peds
A
Uncuffed (<8) = (Age/4) +4
Cuffed = (age/4) + 3.5
Or Age + 16 divided by 4
9
Q
68 YOF CC: sudden onset SOB, hemoptysis, diaphoresis, tachy, crackles, JVD. What’s wrong?
A
PE
10
Q
Farmer has muscle aches of chest & back after an insect bite. R arm is blanched w/ surrounding erythema. What insect?
A
Black widow
11
Q
What antidote for acetaminophen OD?
A
Mucomyst
12
Q
ASA OD antidote?
A
Activated charcoal within one hour of ingestion
13
Q
CO poisoning fucks with which part of the Fick’s principle
A
External respiration: the CO takes the place of O2 through the alveoli
14
Q
In a low angle rescue, how to move pt up or down an incline?
A
Simple hauling system to assist litter team in moving the litter
15
Q
What determining factor for having a single rescuer perform an emergency move
A
Personal limitations
16
Q
Lower GI bleeds originate from which part of the body?
A
Below Distal duodenum
17
Q
What position to transport a cardiac pt?
A
Position of comfort (semifowlers > supine) to reduce work of breathing and stress
18
Q
What transitions fetal circulation into postnatal circulation
A
Taking first breaths after birth
19
Q
How does mom expel the placenta after delivery
A
Uterine contractions helps the placenta spontaneously cleave
20
Q
Most common cause of traumatic maternal death
A
MVC
21
Q
Burn of entire dermis and epidermis is what type?
A
Partial thickness. Full thickness = nerve damage
22
Q
What vessel supplies the SA node in most pts
A
The RCA
23
Q
In pregnant pts, HTN, proteinuria and excessive weight gain w/ edema = hallmark signs of what?
A
Pre-eclampsia
24
Q
Proper ventilation rate for neonate
A
30-60 per min
25
What med is great for CHF exacerbation? Why?
Nitroglycerin = decrease preload and afterload
26
What VS dictates O2 treatment in a COVID pt?
NOT SPO2 (its always low despite Rx). Rely on mentation, cyanosis, resp rate
27
How many drops in a micro vs macro drip set? How many drops in a ML?
Macro = 10 drops
Micro = 60 drops
10drops in a mL
28
What key sign differentiates a GSW from other penetrating wounds?
Sub Q emphysema at the hole = GSW
29
Neonate has cyanosis in all four extremities during episodes of crying & feeding. What’s wrong?
Tetralogy of Fallot
30
What are lead I placements
Positive on L hand, Negative on R hand
31
What are lead II placements
Positive L leg, Negative R hand
32
What are lead III placements
Positive L leg, Negative L hand
33
What’s the common setting for PEEP
3-5cm water
34
Should you use CPAP for a PE?
No
35
Mom’s milk has what Ig… antibody
IgA
36
What are J waves and where would you see them?
Small humps after QRS seen in Pericarditis or Hypothermia
37
Biots vs Cheyenne stokes respirations
Biots = deep rapid breaths w/ short pauses
Cheyenne stokes = crescendo respirations w/ pauses
38
You note shark fins on ETCO2 of your intubated pt. What’s wrong?
Some sort of obstruction
39
Who shows up at a deposition?
Attorney, despondent, court reporter
40
What’s nystagmus
Twitching eyes
41
What are Cannon A waves
When Atria and Ventricles contract simultaneously = blood back up & JVD
42
How does the Amanita Phalloids (Death cap mushroom) affect the body?
Liver and Kidney death
43
What usually causes SVT in adults
PACs
44
Factitious vs Somatoform disorders
Factitious = wants to be sick
Somatoform = care a lot about health (hypochondriac)
45
What’s an atomic seizure
Flaccid no tone seizure
46
4 stages of a seizure
Prodromal, early ictal, ictal, post-ictal
47
What life saving interventions can you do w/ SALT triage?
Major hemorrhage control, open airway (kids), chest decompression
48
What SALT pts are “dead” tags (white)
No breathing
49
What’s the steps of salt triage?
1. Walking wounded
2. Breathing? (No = dead)
3. CRAP (commands, resp distress, arterial bleed, peripheral pulse)
4. No CRAP = yellow or green
5. Yes CRAP = Red or black (red if likely)
50
Briefly name the divisions of the Nervous system
CNS & PNS
PNS = somatic + autonomic
Autonomic = sympathetic & parasympathetic
51
What headache type is very common. Dull/ squeezing Pain radiates back to front or both sides DT muscle contractions
Muscle tension headaches
52
Pt has an aura followed by throbbing/pulsating pain w/ photophobia, nausea, and need for quiet. What kind of headache is this?
Migraine
53
What typically causes migraine headaches
Changes in blood vessel size or instability in neuron clusters at base of brain.
54
What are Cluster headaches
Rare vascular headache w/ sharp pain on one side of face.
55
What are sinus headaches
Infection/inflammation in sinuses of the face = a lot of pain when leaning forward
56
HIV hasn’t seroconverted can infect you in which stage?
Window phase
57
Hx of MI, pt hypotensive w/ hemoptysis. Already gave nitro. What do you give?
Dopamine
58
Last period a week ago. Has fever and foul discharge
Gonorrhea
59
A child w/ sharp ab pain & nausea in an MVC x3days ago. Was wearing seat belt. What’s wrong?
Peritonitis
60
Most common cause of upper respiratory infections?
Virus
61
Which is most likely to cause shark fin capnography
COPD (asthma)
62
What change causes you to think she needs fluids. Steady BP but MAP of 50
70 is the lowest MAP to perfuse
63
Red tag triage pt goes into cardiac arrest. What do you do?
Nothing. Give him a black tag.
64
5 year old how much fluid is given?
20ml/kg
65
Pt who is bradycardic and confused (altered) what do you do first?
Atropine (rate)
66
Guy bit on foot or leg by fire ants, what do you do first?
Remove him from source
67
Lady w/ RUQ pain after eating. What’s wrong?
Gall stone (Colilith)
68
2 year old kid w/ systemic response. What’s wrong?
Anaphylaxis
69
What causes anaphylaxis
Basophils and mast cells
70
Kid with epiglottitis, what do you do?
Transport in a position of comfort
71
Which part of the heart does AVF look at?
Inferior part
72
Main cause of cardiomegaly
HTN
73
Ab pain at 34 weeks pregnant. What do you think?
Abruptio placenta
74
Lady with hypothyroidism and unconscious. What endocrine issue?
Myxedema Coma
75
What happens at the end of first stage of labor
Effacement
76
Wife said husband has breathing meds. Husband has SOB. What do you do first? Albuterol was given by emt
2nd dose of albuterol, CPAP, O2, GET MORE Hx
77
Asthma pt with breathing treatment that isn’t working. What do you do?
Epi
78
What is the best way to secure an airway for a seizure pt?
NPA
79
Pt breathing fast. What assessment will help decide whether you should intubate?
Pulse Ox
80
Contraindication to Nasopharyngeal intubation
Apnea
81
CPAP contraindication
Low BP & Hx bariatric Surgery
82
Pt is intubated & you only hear sounds on the R side. What do you do next?
Pull it back some centimeters
83
Positional pain, recent infection, nonsensical ST elevation, pain goes away when leaning forward. What is it?
Pericarditis
84
Wet lungs, hypotension, what is given next?
Dopamine
85
How are kids after ROSC different from adults after ROSC
They have lower metabolic demands than adults & don’t benefit from hypothermic treatment.
86
Pt hit on chest and has spongy area on chest. What do you suspect?
Flail chest
87
Flail segment causes what physiological issue?
Ventilation-Perfusion mismatch
88
Pt stabbed, bubbling, chest wound. What Rx?
Cover with gloved hand
89
11 year old assaulted, refused treatment dad is there and is angry. What do you do?
Back out and call police
90
Accident scene, and later posted online about how long the extrication took. What could you be in trouble for?
Libel
91
22 year old, poorly controlled Diabetes. When baby is delivered, what do you monitor it for?
Hyperglycemia
92
Someone with Wernickes syndrome. What is it caused by?
Alcoholism (lack of thiamine)
93
Hx of hypertension, R leg tingles, pain in back. What’s wrong?
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
94
Old guy golfing, syncopated episode, wet skin. What do you do?
Check glucose
95
Kid took grandpa’s atenolol. What treatment?
Glucagon
96
Woman assaulted, blood is bleeding through pants of crotch
Cover external genitals
97
Pt brushed your hand away after you give a sternal rub. What GCS score for motor?
5 (localized pain)
98
Pt w/ SVT, cardiac output will go down because…
Shorter ventricular diastole
99
Main function of sodium-potassium pump
Sodium in, potassium out
100
Slope of QRS would indicate what?
Delta wave (WPW)
101
Where is ST elevation measured?
J point
102
Partner started CPR what do you do next?
2 min CPR. Intubate
103
What kind of injury is it when they are thrown and hit something?
Tertiary blast injury
104
Women given flumazenil becomes combative. What else do you give?
Benzodiazepine
105
Pt out of dialysis and is dizzy and nauseous. What is the cause?
Hypocalcemia
106
37 YOF in fetal position, abdominal pain, vomiting. What’s wrong?
Cystitis
107
30 year old in rollover MVC, when arrived on the scene, pt is walking around and denies treatment. What do you do?
Tell him the MOA is serious and he should go get checked out
108
The patients right to make medical decisions is called…
Personal autonomy
109
Woman who’s weight is 150 lbs, what is the max dose of lidocaine
3mg/kg
110
Which is an office of the general public (NIMS question)
Not a part of the FLOPS (finance, Logistics, Operations, planning, Safety)
111
What delivers the highest amount of oxygen
Nonrebreather
112
Pt with an MI and O2 sat is 98%, what type of O2 device to use?
Nasal cannula
113
Sexually active female, 6 months of pain, no vaginal discharge. What’s wrong?
Endometriosis
114
Hyperventilation syndrome, what would their acid-base be?
Respiratory alkalosis
115
8 month old kid, palpable mass in the belly and projectile vomiting. What is it?
Hepatosplenomegaly
116
Pt with damage to face in MVC, unresponsive and apneic
Suction first then BVM
117
What CPR/ventilation ratio for neonate
3:1
118
EKG with ST elevation in V2-V5, hot dry skin, fever, history of infection
Pericarditis
119
Best place to hear lower lobe lung sounds
Posterior chest
120
Which congenital defect causes cyanosis in infants. What is it?
Tetralogy of fallot
121
What chemical is responsible for methemoglobin
Cyanide
122
Hot skin, sympathetic signs. What toxidrome poisoning?
Anticholinergic poisoning
123
What tissue is responsible for the damage done in compartment syndrome
Fascia
124
Lady misses her dialysis appointment. Why would you give albuterol?
It helps w/ treating hyperkalemia (Tall peaked T-waves)
125
Which drug is a tocolytic?
Terbutaline
126
Dialysis pt has what problem with fluids?
Fluid overload
127
Female in a fight w/ her husband has numb face and fingers. Why?
Hyperventilation = relative hypocalcemia
128
Intubated pt has ETCO2 of 45. ROSC. All VS are good except ETCO2. What do you do?
Increase minute volume
129
Girl with closed femur fracture became hypotensive. What do you do?
Tourniquet
130
78 year old femal hypotensive, febrile, altered, fever. Whats wrong?
UTI
131
Why do you give a pediatric, benzos in a seizure?
They’re the best way to stop seizures
132
1 year old cardiac arrest in PEA, sunken fontanelles, what stage of shock is it?
Irreversible
133
Infant, what is the earliest sign of hypovolemic shock
Tachycardia, tachypnea
134
Man with cirrhosis of liver, fluid waves in belly, heart filaure with BP of 80/40. What Rx?
Fluid Bolus
135
Full term pregnant woman in cardiac arrest and doing CPR, what do you do?
Displace uterus to left
136
Alcoholic falls off barstool, head hurts, then later passes out. What’s wrong?
Subdural
137
A baby is delivered and cord pulls out part of uterus. What is this called?
Inverted uterus
138
Delivery of baby, what is suctioned first?
Mouth
139
Belly bleed, what is the best position for transport?
Trendelenburg
140
Pt who is ventilating fine and is cyanotic. What is happening physiologically?
Pulmonary shunting
141
Asthma pt going down the tubes, what drugs do you give? You no longer her lung sounds.
Epi
142
Most dangerous part about walking up to a car during an MVC
Airbag deployments
143
ST elevation in lateral leads where will you see reciprocal depression?
Inferior leads (2, 3, AVF)
144
Man in MVC with flail chest what is the proper way to ventilate?
Positive pressure ventilation
145
What’s it called when a baby is delivered with the ass out first, both legs up still inside.
Frank breach
146
ETT dose for adenosine for peds
0.04mg/kg (double the normal dose)
147
What skin condition would you see in someone with measles
Koplik spots
148
What’s the ETT dose of EPI for an adult
2-2.5mg ETT diluted with some saline
