Last minute TEST questions Flashcards
At what BGL do you start to pee out glucose?
160-180mg/dL
You walk into a medical emergency and pt smells of ammonia. What do you think?
Ammonia. = piss. Think Diabetic type II (HHNC/HONK)
How do type II diabetes die from HONK?
Severe dehydration kills brain perfusion = neuron death
What does hyperlipidemia mean?
High fat content in your blood. Common in diabetics
Rx for hyperkalemia?
Calcium gluconate first.
Calcium chloride or Sodium Bicarb = lesser choices
When someone is in acidosis. Which way does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift?
To the right (acidosis)
At what BGL do brain cells typically start to die?
< 18mg/dL
How to estimate ETT size in peds
Uncuffed (<8) = (Age/4) +4
Cuffed = (age/4) + 3.5
Or Age + 16 divided by 4
68 YOF CC: sudden onset SOB, hemoptysis, diaphoresis, tachy, crackles, JVD. What’s wrong?
PE
Farmer has muscle aches of chest & back after an insect bite. R arm is blanched w/ surrounding erythema. What insect?
Black widow
What antidote for acetaminophen OD?
Mucomyst
ASA OD antidote?
Activated charcoal within one hour of ingestion
CO poisoning fucks with which part of the Fick’s principle
External respiration: the CO takes the place of O2 through the alveoli
In a low angle rescue, how to move pt up or down an incline?
Simple hauling system to assist litter team in moving the litter
What determining factor for having a single rescuer perform an emergency move
Personal limitations
Lower GI bleeds originate from which part of the body?
Below Distal duodenum
What position to transport a cardiac pt?
Position of comfort (semifowlers > supine) to reduce work of breathing and stress
What transitions fetal circulation into postnatal circulation
Taking first breaths after birth
How does mom expel the placenta after delivery
Uterine contractions helps the placenta spontaneously cleave
Most common cause of traumatic maternal death
MVC
Burn of entire dermis and epidermis is what type?
Partial thickness. Full thickness = nerve damage
What vessel supplies the SA node in most pts
The RCA
In pregnant pts, HTN, proteinuria and excessive weight gain w/ edema = hallmark signs of what?
Pre-eclampsia
Proper ventilation rate for neonate
30-60 per min
What med is great for CHF exacerbation? Why?
Nitroglycerin = decrease preload and afterload
What VS dictates O2 treatment in a COVID pt?
NOT SPO2 (its always low despite Rx). Rely on mentation, cyanosis, resp rate
How many drops in a micro vs macro drip set? How many drops in a ML?
Macro = 10 drops
Micro = 60 drops
10drops in a mL
What key sign differentiates a GSW from other penetrating wounds?
Sub Q emphysema at the hole = GSW
Neonate has cyanosis in all four extremities during episodes of crying & feeding. What’s wrong?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What are lead I placements
Positive on L hand, Negative on R hand
What are lead II placements
Positive L leg, Negative R hand
What are lead III placements
Positive L leg, Negative L hand
What’s the common setting for PEEP
3-5cm water
Should you use CPAP for a PE?
No
Mom’s milk has what Ig… antibody
IgA
What are J waves and where would you see them?
Small humps after QRS seen in Pericarditis or Hypothermia
Biots vs Cheyenne stokes respirations
Biots = deep rapid breaths w/ short pauses
Cheyenne stokes = crescendo respirations w/ pauses
You note shark fins on ETCO2 of your intubated pt. What’s wrong?
Some sort of obstruction
Who shows up at a deposition?
Attorney, despondent, court reporter
What’s nystagmus
Twitching eyes
What are Cannon A waves
When Atria and Ventricles contract simultaneously = blood back up & JVD
How does the Amanita Phalloids (Death cap mushroom) affect the body?
Liver and Kidney death
What usually causes SVT in adults
PACs
Factitious vs Somatoform disorders
Factitious = wants to be sick
Somatoform = care a lot about health (hypochondriac)
What’s an atomic seizure
Flaccid no tone seizure
4 stages of a seizure
Prodromal, early ictal, ictal, post-ictal
What life saving interventions can you do w/ SALT triage?
Major hemorrhage control, open airway (kids), chest decompression
What SALT pts are “dead” tags (white)
No breathing
What’s the steps of salt triage?
- Walking wounded
- Breathing? (No = dead)
- CRAP (commands, resp distress, arterial bleed, peripheral pulse)
- No CRAP = yellow or green
- Yes CRAP = Red or black (red if likely)
Briefly name the divisions of the Nervous system
CNS & PNS
PNS = somatic + autonomic
Autonomic = sympathetic & parasympathetic
What headache type is very common. Dull/ squeezing Pain radiates back to front or both sides DT muscle contractions
Muscle tension headaches
Pt has an aura followed by throbbing/pulsating pain w/ photophobia, nausea, and need for quiet. What kind of headache is this?
Migraine
What typically causes migraine headaches
Changes in blood vessel size or instability in neuron clusters at base of brain.
What are Cluster headaches
Rare vascular headache w/ sharp pain on one side of face.
What are sinus headaches
Infection/inflammation in sinuses of the face = a lot of pain when leaning forward
HIV hasn’t seroconverted can infect you in which stage?
Window phase
Hx of MI, pt hypotensive w/ hemoptysis. Already gave nitro. What do you give?
Dopamine
Last period a week ago. Has fever and foul discharge
Gonorrhea
A child w/ sharp ab pain & nausea in an MVC x3days ago. Was wearing seat belt. What’s wrong?
Peritonitis