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NREMT Flashcards

1
Q

AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)

A

Fatal, blood leaks into heart vessel
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a bulge or swelling in the aorta, the main blood vessel that runs from the heart down through the chest and tummy. An AAA can be dangerous if it is not spotted early on. It can get bigger over time and could burst (rupture), causing life-threatening bleeding.

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2
Q

Abandonment

A

Termination of care without patients consent without provisions for care transfer

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3
Q

Abdomen

A

Cavity, from diaphragm to pelvis

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4
Q

Abdominal Thrust Maneuver

A

Heimlich

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5
Q

abduction

A

Motion away from midline

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6
Q

abrasion

A

scrape, loss of superficial layer of skin

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7
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of the placenta from uteral wall

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8
Q

absorption

A

medication travels through the body until they reach the bloodstream

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9
Q

AC Joint

A

scapula and clavicle meet

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10
Q

accessory muscles

A

secondary muscles of respiration

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11
Q

acetabulum

A

depression of the lateral pelvis, 3 bone components join

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12
Q

acetylsalicylic acid

A

medication that is antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation

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13
Q

Antipyretic

A

Fever Reducer

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14
Q

analgesic

A

reduce pain

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15
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

reduces inflammation

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16
Q

acidosis

A

buildup of excess acids in body or in body tissues

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17
Q

acromioclavicular Joint

A

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint isformed by the cap of the shoulder (acromion) and the collar bone (clavicle).

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18
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome / ACS

A

Group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, includes angina and myocardial infarction

Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Acute coronary syndrome is most often caused by plaque rupture or clot formation in the heart’s

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19
Q

action

A

therapeutic effect of medication

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20
Q

active compression-decompression CPR

A

CPR

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21
Q

acute abdomen

A

pain in abdomen, usually peritonitis, urgent

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22
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

Group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, includes angina and myocardial infarction

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23
Q

acute myocardial infarction

A

heart attack, death of heart tissue following obstruction to blood flow

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24
Q

acute

A

immediate

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25
Q

acute stress reactions

A

reactions to stress

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26
Q

adduction

A

movement towards the midline

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27
Q

adenosine triphosphate / ATP

A

nucleotide that is used to store energy

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28
Q

adolescent

A

person 12 - 18 years old

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29
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands, top of kidney, release adrenaline when stimulated by sympathetic nervous system

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30
Q

adrenergic

A

pertaining to nerves that release a neurotransmitter norepinephrine or noradrenaline

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31
Q

advance directives

A

medical treatment if a patient is unable to make decisions

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32
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

abnormal breathing, wheeze, stridor, rhonchi and crackles

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33
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

metabolism that proceeds with oxygen

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34
Q

aerosol-generating procedure

A

airway manipulation that includes the production of aerosols that may present airbourne risk

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35
Q

afterload

A

force of heart pumps

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36
Q

aging

A

covalent bond

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37
Q

agonal gasps

A

slow, gasping breaths, typical cardiac arrest

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38
Q

agonist

A

med that causes stimulation of receptors

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39
Q

air embolism

A

presence of air in veins, can lead to cardiac arrest

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40
Q

airway

A

upper airway, above larynx, nose and mouth

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41
Q

algor mortis

A

assuming room temperature

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42
Q

alkalosis

A

lack of acids in body fluids

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43
Q

allergic

A

causes allergic reactions

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44
Q

ATLE

A

causes unresponsiveness, cyanosis and apnea in an infant

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45
Q

alveolar minute volume

A

volume of air moved in lungs in one min. Tidal volume x respiratory rate

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46
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

volume of air that reaches the alveoli. Dead space - tidal volume

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47
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs in lung where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place

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48
Q

AMI

A

Acute myocardial infarction

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49
Q

amniotic sac

A

baglike membrane a fetus develops in

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50
Q

amputation

A

removal of limb

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51
Q

anaerobic metabolism

A

metabolism, lack of oxygen, product is lactic acid

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52
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

shock by allergic reaction

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53
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threat,

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54
Q

anemic

A

too few red blood cells, improper oxygen transportation

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55
Q

aneurysm

A

enlargement of the blood vessel wall, weakens

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56
Q

angina pectoris

A

short lived chest discomfort caused by partial block of blood flow to the heart muscle, AKA angina \

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57
Q

angioedema

A

swelling beneath skin, usually eyes or lips

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58
Q

anisocoria

A

natural uneven pupils

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59
Q

antagonist

A

medication that binds to a receptor and block other meds

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60
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

can’t remember events after injury

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61
Q

anthrax

A

Deadly, bacillus anthracis, dormant at room temp,

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62
Q

antibiotic

A

med to treat infection caused by bacterium

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63
Q

anticoagulant

A

impairs blood clotting

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64
Q

antidote

A

neutralize or counteract a poison

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65
Q

Antidote treatment nerve agent auto-injector

A

nerve agent antidote kit containing atropine and pralidoxime, one needle

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66
Q

antiplatelet

A

prevents blood platelets from clumping

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67
Q

Antipyretic

A

reduce fever

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68
Q

antivenin

A

counteracts venom

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69
Q

aorta

A

main artery, left of heart, carry oxygenated blood to body

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70
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

weakness in aortic wall, susceptible to rupture

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71
Q

aortic valve

A

one way valve, between left ventricle and aorta, prevents backflow of blood

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72
Q

apex

A

point

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73
Q

apgar score

A

scoring, status of newborn, value of 5 areas

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74
Q

aphasia

A

can’t understand/produce speech

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75
Q

apnea

A

absent spontaneous breathing

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76
Q

apneic oxygenation

A

oxy from high-flow nasal cannula left in during intubation for continuous oxygenation

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77
Q

artery

A

carries blood from hear, 3 layer

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78
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers end of joints in synovial joints

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79
Q

artifact

A

tracing on an EKG due to interference rather than hear

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80
Q

ASA/Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-clot of platelets (Ecotrin, Aspirin)

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81
Q

Ascites

A

accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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82
Q

ASD/Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

disorder of brain development, social interaction, verbal/non-verbal

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83
Q

aspiration

A

vomitus, foreign material in lungs

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84
Q

aspirin

A

ASA

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85
Q

assault

A

placing in fear of harm

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86
Q

asthma

A

spasm of smaller air passage (bronchioles), excess mucus

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87
Q

asystole

A

absence of all heart electrical activity

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88
Q

ataxic respirations

A

irregular/ineffective respirations, possible no pattern

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89
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of the alveolar space in lungs

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90
Q

atherosclerosis

A

cholesterol / calcium buildup in blood vessels, can lead to infarction

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91
Q

atrium

A

one of two upper heart chamber

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92
Q

automatic transport ventilator / ATV

A

Vent device, control box, allows ventilation variables

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93
Q

aura

A

sensation before seizure

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94
Q

auscultate

A

listen with a stethoscope

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95
Q

automaticity

A

cardiac muscles contract without stimulation

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96
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of nervous system, controls involuntary body functions

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97
Q

avulsion

A

flap of soft tissue

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98
Q

axial loading injury

A

injury on spine, entire length

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99
Q

axial plane

A

top and bottom plane

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100
Q

axons

A

extensions of a neuron

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101
Q

B-NICE

A

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Biologic, nuclear, incendiary, chemical and explosive

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102
Q

bacteria

A

microorganism, reproduce by binary fission, can form spores

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103
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

fishy, bacteria in vagina

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104
Q

Bag-mask device

A

one way valve, when reservoir and connected to 02, 90% o2 is applied

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105
Q

bariatrics

A

obesity

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106
Q

barotrauma

A

injury caused by pressure to organs

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107
Q

battle sign

A

bruise behind hear, over mastoid process, indicate skull fracture

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108
Q

bends

A

decompression sickness

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109
Q

bioethics

A

healthcare ethics

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110
Q

blanch

A

to turn white

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111
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure on vessel walls as blood passes through

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112
Q

bloody show

A

blood in vagina, implies start of labor

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113
Q

blow-out fracture

A

fracture of orbit or similar bones

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114
Q

botulinum

A

produced by bacteria , most potent neurotoxin known, causes botulism

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115
Q

brachial artery

A

arm artery

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116
Q

brachycardia

A

slow heart rate, < 60/bpm

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117
Q

bradypnea

A

slow respiratory rate, sign in a child that indicates impending respiratory arrest

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118
Q

brainstem

A

area of brain between spinal cord and cerebrum

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119
Q

breath-holding syncope

A

loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing

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120
Q

breech

A

delivery, buttocks first

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121
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

normal breath sounds

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122
Q

bronchioles

A

smaller bronchi

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123
Q

bronchiolitis

A

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), inflammation of the bronchioles, usually children < 2/yr

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124
Q

buboes

A

enlarged lymph nodes, bubonic plague

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125
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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126
Q

capillaries

A

small blood vessels, connects arterioles and venules

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127
Q

capillary refill

A

test, evaluates distal circulatory

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128
Q

capillary vessels

A

permit transfer of oxygen, co2 and nutrients

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129
Q

capnometry

A

use of capnometer, evaluates expired co2

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130
Q

carboys

A

containers, 5 - 15 gal

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131
Q

cardiac output / CO

A

measure of blood circulated in 1 min. Stroke volume x Heart Rate

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132
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of heart due to fluid in pericardial sac, lower cardiac output

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133
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

not enough oxy to tissues of body. complication of large acute myocardial infarction

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134
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

CPR

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135
Q

carnia

A

trachea bifurcates (divides) into left and right main stem bronchi

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136
Q

carotid artery

A

artery to head and brain

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137
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

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138
Q

cavitation

A

speed, bullet pressure waves

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139
Q

cellular metabolism

A

chemical reaction that supplies cells with energy

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140
Q

central neurogenic hyperventilation

A

deep, rapid breathing, without acetone breath odor

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141
Q

cerebellum

A

little brain, fine body movements

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142
Q

cerebral edema

A

swelling of brain

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143
Q

cerebral palsy

A

poor control of body movement

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144
Q

cerebrovascular accident / CVA

A

stroke

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145
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of brain, grey matter, hearing, speech, balance, vision etc

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146
Q

cervical spine

A

first 7 vertebrae in neck

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147
Q

cervix

A

neck of the uterus

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148
Q

chemoreceptors

A

monitor the levels of oxygen, co2 and pH of CSF and provides feedback

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149
Q

chest compression fraction

A

total percentage of time of active chest compression s

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150
Q

cheyne-stokes respirations

A

cyclical breathing, abnormal, increase and decrease in depth, followed by period of apnea

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151
Q

congestive heart failure / CHF

A

heart loses part of pump ability, fluid into lungs

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152
Q

cholecystitis

A

gallbladder inflammation

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153
Q

chordae tendineae

A

prevents heart from inverting

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154
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

irritation of major lung passages

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155
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / COPD

A

chronic obstruction of lung airflow

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156
Q

chyme

A

substance that leaves the stomach

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157
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

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158
Q

coagulation

A

clotting of blood

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159
Q

cold zone

A

safe area at HazMat incidents

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160
Q

colostomy

A

creates stoma (opening between colon and body surface)

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161
Q

commotio cordis

A

blunt chest injury caused by sudden blow in critical portion of heartbeat

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162
Q

compartment syndrome

A

swelling of a combined space

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163
Q

compassion fatigue

A

lessening of compassion

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164
Q

compensated shock

A

early shock, can compensate for blood loss

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165
Q

concussion

A

temporary loss or alteration of part or all of brain ability without brain damage

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166
Q

conjunctivita

A

membrane that lines the eyelids

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167
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctivita

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168
Q

continuous positive airway pressure / CPAP

A

ventilation of critical patients with respiratory distress, may prevent intubation

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169
Q

contraindications

A

condition, may make meds or treatment inappropriate and may cause harm

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170
Q

contusion

A

bleeding beneath the skin, bruise ecchymosis

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171
Q

conventional reasoning

A

child looks for approval

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172
Q

cornea

A

transparent layer of eye

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173
Q

coronal plane

A

front and back plan e

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174
Q

coronary arteries

A

carry blood and nutrients to heart

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175
Q

coup-contrecoup brain injury

A

brain injury when force causes injury to opposite side of initial injury

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176
Q

coxae

A

hip bones, coxa (singular)

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177
Q

CQI

A

internal and external reviews

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178
Q

crackles

A

crackling, rattling, fluid in air spaces

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179
Q

cranium

A

8 bones of the skull

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180
Q

crepitus

A

bone-on-bone rubbing

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181
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

firm ridge, lower part of larynx

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182
Q

cricothyroid membrane

A

connects thyroid and cricoid cartilage

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183
Q

Croup

A

inflammation of the upper respiratory airway, may cause partial obstructions

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184
Q

crush syndrome

A

trapped body parts for long period of time

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185
Q

cultural imposition

A

impose beliefs due to belief that theirs is superior

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186
Q

cyanide

A

agent, effects oxygen use

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187
Q

cyanosis

A

blue color,

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188
Q

cystitis

A

bladder inflammation

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189
Q

danger (hot) zone

A

high danger

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190
Q

DCAP-BTLS

A

Deform, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrate, Burn, Tender, Lacerations, Swelling

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191
Q

Dead Space

A

space that does not participate in gas exchange

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192
Q

decay

A

unstable attempts to stabilize by changing structure

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193
Q

decompensated shock

A

late shock, blood pressure falls

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194
Q

decubitus ulcers

A

sores by pressure of skin against surface for long period of time / bedsores

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195
Q

deep venous thrombosis

A

forming of a blood clot within the large veins of an extremity followed by prolonged immobilization

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196
Q

delirium tremens / DT

A

withdrawal of alcoholics. Restless, fever, sweating, seizures. Can be fatal

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197
Q

dependent edema

A

swelling of ground-most body parts, collection of fluid in tissues, sign of Congestive Heart Failure

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198
Q

dependent lividity

A

blood settling in lowest part of body, definitive sign of death

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199
Q

depositions

A

oral questions, under oath

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200
Q

dermis

A

inner layer of skin

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201
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

lack of insulin

202
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis / DKA

A

hyperglycemia, accumulation of acids

203
Q

diaphoretic

A

light or profuse sweating

204
Q

diastole

A

relax of the heart

205
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure that remains during heart relaxation

206
Q

diffusion

A

movement of gas. High -> Low

207
Q

dilation

208
Q

diphtheria

A

pseudomembrane forms in larynx

209
Q

direct injury

A

brain injury

210
Q

direct laryngoscopy

A

look at airway with a laryngoscope

211
Q

dirty bomb

A

radiologic explosive

212
Q

displaced fracture

A

fracture which bone fragments separate

213
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

layers of an artery separate

214
Q

distributive shock

A

widespread dilation of smaller arterioles

215
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the small pockets in the intestines

216
Q

diving reflex

A

slowing of heart rate in cold water

217
Q

dysarthria

A

slurring of speech

218
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

219
Q

dysrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

220
Q

early adult

A

19 - 40 years old

221
Q

Evidence Based Medicine / EBM

A

approach to medicine, well-conducted research, science based medicine

222
Q

ecchymosis

A

blood beneath skin, bruise

223
Q

eclampsia

A

pregnancy complication, hypertension (systolic > 140 mm Hg or diastolic = > 90 mm Hg), seizure activity, blurred vision, headache or protein in
urine. Preeclampsia is different with no seizure activity

224
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy that develops in the fallopian tubes; outside of uterus

225
Q

edema

A

swelling; fluid between cells in body tissues

226
Q

embolus

A

blood clot or substance that travels to a blood vessel where blockage occurs

227
Q

embryo

A

first 10 week fetus

228
Q

emesis

229
Q

emphysema

A

destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor gas exchange, one form of COPD

230
Q

end tidal co2

A

co2 at the end of a breath

231
Q

endocrine glands

A

glands that release or secrete chemical s

232
Q

endocrine system

A

message and control system of the body

233
Q

endometrium

A

uterus lining

234
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

tube through the larynx

235
Q

enteral medications

A

digestive entered medications

236
Q

envenomation

A

injecting venom

237
Q

enzymes

A

speed up biochemical reactions

238
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin

239
Q

epidural hematoma

A

blood between skull and dura mater

240
Q

epiglottis

A

separates food and liquid from entering the airway

241
Q

epiglottitis

A

upper airway obstruction due to inflammation of the epiglottis

242
Q

epilepsy

A

abnormal electrical charges; causes seizures

243
Q

epinephrine

A

medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure; eases breathing problems; adrenaline ; drug of choice for anaphylactic reactions

244
Q

epistaxis

245
Q

esophageal intubation

A

improper intubation; into the esophagus

246
Q

esophagus

A

from pharynx into the stomach ; propels food to stomach

247
Q

ET Intubation

A

insertion of an endotracheal tube to the vocal cords to protect the airway

248
Q

eustachian tube

A

connects middle ear to the oropharynx

249
Q

eustress

A

positive response to stress

250
Q

evisceration

A

organs outside of the body

251
Q

excited delirium

A

behavioral condition; agitated, delusions or hallucinations

252
Q

exhalation

A

forcing air out of the lungs

253
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

normal air exhaled ~ 1,200mL in adults

254
Q

external auditory canal

255
Q

external respiration

A

exchange of gas between cells and pulmonary capillaries ( pulmonary respirations )

256
Q

fallopian tubes

A

connect ovaries with the uterus

257
Q

false motion

A

movement where there is no joint; free movement

258
Q

fascia

A

fiber-like tissues; covers arteries, veins, tendons and ligaments

259
Q

febrile seizures

A

high fever seizures; common in children

260
Q

femoral artery

A

thigh artery

261
Q

femoral head

A

proximal end of the femur

262
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

consumption of alcohol in pregnancy, growth and physical and mental problems in the child

263
Q

first degree burn

A

only the epidermis in an burn

264
Q

flail chest

A

2 or more adjacent ribs in 2 or more places in association with the sternum; chest detachment

265
Q

flash burn

A

explosion heat

266
Q

flank

A

below rib cage, and above hip

267
Q

flexion

A

bending of a joint

268
Q

flutter valve

A

air to leave chest but not return; taping 3 sides of a chest seal

269
Q

focal seizure

A

limited portion of the brain seizure

270
Q

fontanelles

A

soft spot of an infant; < 18 months

271
Q

foramen magnum

A

brain connects to the spinal cord; large opening of the skull

272
Q

fowler

A

head of bed is raised

273
Q

frontal bones

A

forehead bones

274
Q

frontal plane

A

front and back plane

275
Q

full thickness burns

A

all skin layers, muscle and bones burn

276
Q

functional disorder

A

no known physiologic reason for abnormal function

277
Q

fundus

A

dome shape top of the uterus

278
Q

G agents

A

sarin, soman and tabun agents

279
Q

GA

A

one of G agents

280
Q

gallbladder

A

collects bile from liver and discharges

281
Q

gastric distention

A

air fills the stomach ; usually due to high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation

282
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease / GERD

A

acid reflux

283
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale / GCS Score

A

tool to evaluate consciousness; scoring of Eye opening, verballity, motor response; predicts patient outcomes

284
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

alarm response, reaction, resistance and recovery and sometimes exhaustion

285
Q

generalized seizure

A

all of body muscles

286
Q

geriatrics

A

65+ year old

287
Q

germinal layer

A

deepest layer of the epidermis

288
Q

gestational diabetes

A

pregnancy; no diabetes before pregnancy

289
Q

gestational hypertension

A

hypertension (systolic > 140 mm Hg or diastolic = > 90 mm Hg), no hypertension before pregnancy

290
Q

glenoid fossa

A

part of the scapula; joins with the glenohumeral joint

291
Q

globe

292
Q

glottis

A

space between vocal cords

293
Q

glucose

A

sugar; fuel for cellular metabolism

294
Q

Golden Hour

A

time of injury to definitive care; survival is best with shock and trauma injuries

295
Q

Good air exchange

A

able to cough, wheeze

296
Q

greater trochanter

A

proximal side of thigh, below hip joint

297
Q

guarding

A

spasm; minimize pain; sign of peritonitis

298
Q

gum elastic bougie

A

tool inserted into the glottis

299
Q

H

A

vesicant; brown-yellow oil; smells of garlic

300
Q

hay fever

A

allergic response; outdoor allergens; allergic rhinitis

301
Q

health care proxy

A

advance directive; appoints another person to make treatment decisions

302
Q

heat cramps

A

muscle spasms in heat

303
Q

heat exhaustion

A

fluid/electrolyte loss due to heavy sweat

304
Q

heat stroke

A

life threat; hypothermia due to exposure to heat

305
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

306
Q

hematology

A

study related to blood disorders

307
Q

hematoma

A

mass of blood that collects in damaged tissue

308
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

309
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of body

310
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells

311
Q

hemophilia

A

blood that does not clot

312
Q

hemopneumothorax

A

blood and air in the pleural space of chest

313
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing of blood

314
Q

hemorrhage

315
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleed inside brain that causes stroke

316
Q

hemostatic dressing

A

dressing that has a clot chemical

317
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

318
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

319
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ / tissue through an abnormal body opening

320
Q

HHNS

A

high blood glucose; older people ; mental status, dehydrating and organ damage

321
Q

histamines

A

chemicals released my immune system in allergic reactions

322
Q

homeostasis

A

balance of body systems

323
Q

hormones

A

chemicals that regulate body functions

324
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure of water against walls of its container

325
Q

hymenoptera

A

bees, wasps, ants, yellow jackets

326
Q

hypercapnia

A

hypercarbia; high level of CO2 in blood stream

327
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

328
Q

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome / HHNS

A

high blood glucose; older people ; mental status, dehydrating and organ damage; diabetic coma

329
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

330
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

high blood pressure emergency

331
Q

hyperthermia

A

body temp to 101 or higher

332
Q

hyperventilation

A

rapid/deep breathing; lowers the blood CO2 below normal

333
Q

hyperventilation syndrome

A

40 shallow breaths/min or 20 deep breaths/min

334
Q

hypnotic

A

sleep inducing effect or agent

335
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood glucose

336
Q

hypoperfusion

A

shock due to blood loss

337
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

338
Q

hypothermia

A

body temp below 95

339
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

low blood volume or massive internal/external bleeding; inadequate perfusion

340
Q

hypoxia/hypoxic

A

deficient oxygen in tissues

341
Q

hypoxic drive

A

low oxy blood stimulates respiratory drive

342
Q

ICP

A

pressure in cranial vault

343
Q

ileostomy

A

create a stoma

344
Q

ileus

A

bowel paralysis

345
Q

illium

A

one of three bones to form pelvic ring

346
Q

IM Injection

A

Intramuscular

347
Q

immune response

A

response to foreign bodies

348
Q

immunology

A

study of immune system

349
Q

impedance threshold device / ITD

A

limits air into lungs during chest compressions

350
Q

IN

A

medication through an atomizer

351
Q

in loco parentis

A

acting as a parent

352
Q

incision

A

cut in skin

353
Q

inconsistency

A

loss of bowel/urinary system

354
Q

incubation

A

exposure to symptom time

355
Q

index of suspicion

A

awareness of unseen life-threats

356
Q

infarction

A

death of body tissue; interruption of blood supply

357
Q

inferior vena cava

A

vein; carries blood from lower into heart

358
Q

inhalation

A

muscular part of breathing

359
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

inhaled air amount

360
Q

insulin

A

enables glucose to enter bloodstream

361
Q

intermodal tanks

A

pressurized/non-pressurized tanks

362
Q

internal respiration

A

process of gas exchange in cells and tissues

363
Q

interstitial space

A

space between cell s

364
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

bleeding in brain tissue (parenchyma); intraparenchymal hematoma

365
Q

intranasal

A

MAD (mucosal atomizer device); naris;

366
Q

intraosseous injection

A

IO; Into the bone

367
Q

intrapulmonary shunting

A

bypassing of the oxygen poor blood

368
Q

involuntary

A

not under conscious control

369
Q

ischemia

A

pre-infarction; lack of blood flow

370
Q

ischemic stroke

A

stroke; blood flow to a part of the brain is slowed

371
Q

ischium

A

one of three bones to form pelvic ring

372
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing of skin ; by liver dysfunction

373
Q

jugular vein distention / JVD

A

visual bulging of the Jugular vein. fluid overload, pressure in chest. Cardiac tamponade or tension pneumothorax; circulatory or heart problems

374
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy of moving object

375
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

deep, rapid breathing. Accumulation of acids when insulin is not available

376
Q

kyphosis

A

forward curling of spine

377
Q

labia majora

A

fleshy lips of the vagina w/ pubic hair

378
Q

labia minora

A

fleshy lips of the vagina w/o pubic hair

379
Q

labored breathing

A

impaired air movement

380
Q

lacrimal glands

A

tear glands

381
Q

larynx

A

voice box. dignifies upper and lower airways

382
Q

lateral plane

A

left and right plane

383
Q

LDB

A

lucas device

384
Q

length-based resuscitation tape

A

estimate child’s weight by childs height

385
Q

lesser trochanter

A

superior part of the femur

386
Q

leukotrienes

A

chemical that contributes to anaphylaxis

387
Q

lewisite

A

blistering agent

388
Q

ligaments

A

bone-bone connection

389
Q

lightening

A

movement of fetus in late-term pregnancy

390
Q

linear skull fractures

A

fractures in the temporoparietal region of the skull (side); 80% of fractures; nondisplaced skull fracture

391
Q

liver

A

solid organ; RUQ; directly below diaphragm; produces bile; stores glucose

392
Q

load-distributing band

A

band-type lucas device

393
Q

lumbar spine

A

lower part of the back; lowest 5 non-fused vertebrae; dorsal spine

394
Q

lumen

A

inside diameter of a hollow structure

395
Q

lymph

A

straw colored fluid; carries oxy, nutrients, and hormones

396
Q

lymph nodes

A

filters lymph

397
Q

malleolus

A

ankle bone

398
Q

mandible

399
Q

manubrium

A

upper quarter of the sternum

400
Q

Mean arterial pressure / MAP

A

average pressure during one cardiac cycle

401
Q

mastoid process

A

1” bony mass, posterior to the ear opening

402
Q

maxillae

A

upper jaw, holds upper teeth

403
Q

MDI

A

small canister for oral medications

404
Q

meconium

A

fetal stool; dark green substance in amniotic fluid; distress/disease in newborn; can be aspirated (blocking airway) during delivery

405
Q

medial

A

closer to midline

406
Q

mediastinum

A

located between lungs

407
Q

medulla oblongata

A

inferior to spinal cord; coordinates HR, breathing, swallowing, etc

408
Q

melena

A

black. bloody stool

409
Q

menarche

A

first period

410
Q

meninges

A

3 protective layers of brain and spinal cords

411
Q

meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

412
Q

meningococcal meningitis

A

highly contagious meningitis

413
Q

menopause

A

cessation (stopping) of menstruation, 4th or 5th decade of life

414
Q

mental model

A

what’s going on

415
Q

metabolism

A

cellular respiration; production of energy

416
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

417
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

418
Q

metered-dose inhaler

A

mini-canister, administer medication into lungs via mouth

419
Q

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

420
Q

midbrain

A

controls consciousness

421
Q

midsagittal plane

A

left/right equal halves

422
Q

Mild airway obstruction

A

foreign body in airway, but adequate air movement is occurring

423
Q

minute volume

A

air in and out of lungs in 1 minute

424
Q

miosis

A

excessively constricted pupil; often bilateral; after nerve agents

425
Q

miscarriage

A

passage of a fetus before 20 weeks, spontaneous abortion

426
Q

MOI

A

mechanism of injury; force onto body that causes injury

427
Q

morality

A

code of conduct

428
Q

moro reflex

A

grab reflex in children/infants

429
Q

motor nerves

A

nerves that carry info

430
Q

mucosal atomizer device

A

device that changes liquid to a spray and pushes into nosil

431
Q

mucous membranes

A

linings of body cavity that communicates with the environment

432
Q

multigravida

A

previous pregnancies

433
Q

mutagen

A

mutates and damages DnA

434
Q

myocardial contractility

A

ability for heart to contract

435
Q

myocardial contusion

A

heart bruise

436
Q

myocardium

A

heart tissue

437
Q

narcotic

A

drug that produces sleep or altered mental status

438
Q

nares

A

nostrils (singular = naris)

439
Q

nasal airway / nasopharyngeal airway

A

nasal adjunct

440
Q

nasal cannula

A

24%-44% o2 depending on flow rate

441
Q

nasopharynx

A

pharynx above the mouth roof (palate)

442
Q

National EMS Scope of Practice Model

A

NHTSA, outlines skills by EMS providers

443
Q

NOI

A

nature of illness

444
Q

neglect

A

refusal to care for patient

445
Q

negligence

A

failure to provide same care as other same-skilled EMTs

446
Q

negligence per se

A

clear violation of statute

447
Q

neisseria meningitidis

A

rapid onset meningitis, shock/death

448
Q

neonate

A

birth-1 month child

449
Q

nephrons

A

kidney filters

450
Q

neurogenic shock

A

paralysis of the nerves that control blood vessel size. widespread dilation; common with SCI (spinal cord injuries)

451
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells

452
Q

neuropathy

A

nerves leaving spinal cords are damaged

453
Q

neurotoxins

A

deadliest substance

454
Q

nitroglycerin

A

medication; increases cardiac perfusion (flow)

455
Q

non-displaced fracture

A

hairline fracture

456
Q

nonrebreathing mask

A

mask and reservoir bag system; up to 90% inspired oxygen; prevents inhaling exhaled gasses (co2)

457
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter and drug that is used to treat shock, produces vasoconstriction (constriction of blood vessels)

458
Q

nuchal cord

A

umbilical cord around infant’s neck

459
Q

obesity

A

excessive body fat

460
Q

obstructive shock

A

shock that occurs when block to heart blood flow

461
Q

occipital bone

A

most posterior bone in skull

462
Q

occlusion

A

blockage of a tubular structure

463
Q

occlusive dressing

A

airtight; protects wound from air and bacteria

464
Q

older adult

A

61+ year old person

465
Q

oncotic pressure

A

pressure of water to move

466
Q

onset of action

A

time needed from medication administration for effect

467
Q

open pneumothorax

A

sucking chest wound

468
Q

opiate

A

natural, non synthetic opioid

469
Q

OPQRST

A

Pain = onset, provoke/palliation, quality, region/radiate, severity, timing

470
Q

optic nerve

A

transmits visual info to brain

471
Q

orbit

A

eye socket

472
Q

organic brain syndrome

A

temporary/permanent dysfunction of brain

473
Q

oropharyngeal airway

A

oral adjunct, keeps tongue from blocking airway

474
Q

oropharynx

A

back of mouth to esophagus

475
Q

osteoporosis

A

reduction of bone mass; weak bone s

476
Q

OTC Medications

A

over the counter meds

477
Q

ODT

A

orally dissolving tablet

478
Q

ovaries

A

produces ovum (egg)

479
Q

ovulation

A

ovum is released from a follicle

480
Q

oxygen toxicity

A

excessive oxygen consumption

481
Q

palmar

482
Q

palmar grasp reflex

A

infant grasp reflex

483
Q

palpate

A

touch exam

484
Q

pancreas

A

flat, solid organ; source of digestive enzymes

485
Q

paradoxical motion

A

opposite of normal chest wall motion during flail chest

486
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

vegetative functions

487
Q

parenteral meds

A

meds that enters body by means other than digestive, skin or mucous membranes

488
Q

parietal bones

A

between temporal and occipital cranium

489
Q

parietal pleura

A

chest cavity membrane

490
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

forced to sit up to breathe

491
Q

partial pressure

A

gas in air

492
Q

partial thickness burns

A

burn of the epidermis and some dermis but not subcutaneous issue

493
Q

passive ventilation

A

air moving in-out during chest compressions

494
Q

Pediatric Assessment Triangle / PAT

A

assessment tool for infants without touching

495
Q

patella

496
Q

patent

497
Q

pathogen

A

microorganism capable of causing disease

498
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of normal functions being affected by disease

499
Q

Peak

A

maximum effect of drug period

500
Q

pectoral girdle

A

supporting structure of arm s

NREMT (23 decks)

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