NRA

Question 1

Assimilation of C1 is called? And name clinical significance.

Answer 1

Occipitalization.

Absent transverseligament and can lead to compression of spinal chord.

Question 2

Extra bony process arised from jugular process of occiput towards c1

Answer 2

Paracondylar process

Question 3

Accessory ossicle

Answer 3

Looks like an os on anterior arch

Question 4

Agenesis of posterior or anterior arch

Answer 4

Absence or laxity of transverse ligament. Compensatory hypertrohy of opposite tubercle may occur.

Question 5

Looks like a foramen and is a calcification of oblique atlanto-occipital ligament

Answer 5

Posterior or lateral ponticle

Question 6

Clinical signicifance of ponticles?

Answer 6

Compromises vertebral artery.

Question 7

Midline defect in in posterior neutral arch and absence of spinolaminar line (seen in L)

Answer 7

Spina bifida occulta or bipartite atlas

Question 8

Well defined and smooth lucency seen on anterior arch

Answer 8

Os odontoid

Question 9

Failure of fusion of os at tip of odontiod. Looks like a v.

Answer 9

Os terminale

Question 10

«Eagle syndrome» and feeling of full throat.

Answer 10

Stylohyiod ligament calcification

Question 11

Clinical significance of congenital block vertebrae

Answer 11

Decreased AP diameter of influenced VB’s IVD.

Question 12

More than two extra blocks of VB in cervical of thoracic region. Associated with scoliosis and rib abnormalities.

Answer 12

Klippel-Feil syndrome

Question 13

Sprengel’s deformity is?

Answer 13

Abnormally elevated locus of scapula.

Question 14

Omovertebral bone?

Answer 14

Os on the sup. Angle of scap

Question 15

Longer TVP of C7 and looks like rib?

Answer 15

TVP elongation and cervical rib

Question 16

Os in mid VB (anterior aspect)

Answer 16

Intercalary bone

Question 17

Os on posterior aspect within nuchal ligament

Answer 17

Nuchal bone

Question 18

Calcification on nuchal ligament

Answer 18

Occipital spur/ enlarged EOP

Question 19

Looks like C1 and C2 VB fit perfectly together

Answer 19

Pseudoarticulations

Question 20

Cervical spondylolisthesis is recognized by?

Answer 20

Absent pedicles bilaterally
Dysplasia of articular processes
Anterior or retro listhesis.

Question 21

Tip of odontoid <8 mm above line

Answer 21

McGregors

Question 22

Measurement for the atlanto-odental interspace

Answer 22

<3 adult, <5 child

Question 23

George’s line measures?

Answer 23

Posterior body margins alignment

Question 24

Atlanto-axial alignment

Answer 24

Lateral masses of atlas should be in vertical bilateral alignment.

Question 25

This line should pass through the anterior superior margin of C7 and is drawn from the apex of odontiod.

Answer 25

Gravitational (wbearing)

Question 26

Cystic granuloma on the site of muscular injections with cortical steroid therapy. (Fat necrosis)

Answer 26

Injection granuloma

Question 27

Phleboliths in the pelvic basin are

Answer 27

Calcification of thrombi attached to the walls of veins

Question 28

Transverse short luceny line in mid portion of VB

Answer 28

Hahn’s venous clefts

Question 29

Superior or inferior migration og NP in endplate is called

Answer 29

Schmorl’s node

Question 30

Broadbased curved endplate is known as?

Answer 30

Notochordal impression

Question 31

Cupids bow contour is typically located?

Answer 31

Inferior endplate at L4/L5

Question 32

Hour glass shape, both pedicles present, VB over and under will match contour.

Answer 32

Butterfly vertebrae

Question 33

Herniation of a small portion of NP as a result of trauma

Answer 33

Limbus bone (anterior)

Question 34

Wedged shaped bony ridge or fragment at endplate due to trauma

Answer 34

Posterior apophyseal ring fracture

Question 35

Wedged vertebral body as result of failure to develop of paired chondral centre. Usually located laterally.

Answer 35

Hemivertebrae

Question 36

SBO of S1 plus enongated and vertically oriented SP of L5 increase RIM but can impinge if extreme extention.

Answer 36

Knife-Clasp Deformity

Question 37

Transitional segment can be either

Answer 37

Sacralizatiob or lumbarization and can cause degenerative changes due to uneven disp of mechanical stress.

Question 38

Contralateral pedicle with sclerotic changes

Answer 38

Congenital pedicle absence

Question 39

Non union of tip of inferior process

Answer 39

Oppenheimer’s ossicle

Question 40

Asymmetry of facet articulation from side to side

Answer 40

Facet tropism

Question 41

Name the 9 regions of the stomach

Answer 41

Epigastric, umbulical, hypogastric Right, left lumbar Right left hypochondriac Right left iliac

Question 42

Name the angles of the chest

Answer 42

Cardiophrenic | Costophrenic

Question 43

Name abnormalities in chest angles

Answer 43

Eversion of diaphragm Tenting Accumilation of aortic arch Collapsed lung density change

Question 44

A breach in the atlanto-axial alignment is a?

Answer 44

Burst fracture

Question 45

What does blunting angles on a PA chest indicate?

Answer 45

Fluid accumulation because of infection

Question 46

What does a collapsed lung look like?

Answer 46

Density change with a look like a baloon in a jar

Question 47

List the five basic pathologic alterstions on contrast study of lower GI

Answer 47

``` Polypoid lesions Mucosal masses Ulcerations Diverticula Extrinsic compression ```