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year 1 > NRA > Flashcards

NRA Flashcards

1
Q

Assimilation of C1 is called? And name clinical significance.

A

Occipitalization.

Absent transverseligament and can lead to compression of spinal chord.

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2
Q

Extra bony process arised from jugular process of occiput towards c1

A

Paracondylar process

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3
Q

Accessory ossicle

A

Looks like an os on anterior arch

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4
Q

Agenesis of posterior or anterior arch

A

Absence or laxity of transverse ligament. Compensatory hypertrohy of opposite tubercle may occur.

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5
Q

Looks like a foramen and is a calcification of oblique atlanto-occipital ligament

A

Posterior or lateral ponticle

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6
Q

Clinical signicifance of ponticles?

A

Compromises vertebral artery.

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7
Q

Midline defect in in posterior neutral arch and absence of spinolaminar line (seen in L)

A

Spina bifida occulta or bipartite atlas

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8
Q

Well defined and smooth lucency seen on anterior arch

A

Os odontoid

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9
Q

Failure of fusion of os at tip of odontiod. Looks like a v.

A

Os terminale

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10
Q

«Eagle syndrome» and feeling of full throat.

A

Stylohyiod ligament calcification

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11
Q

Clinical significance of congenital block vertebrae

A

Decreased AP diameter of influenced VB’s IVD.

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12
Q

More than two extra blocks of VB in cervical of thoracic region. Associated with scoliosis and rib abnormalities.

A

Klippel-Feil syndrome

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13
Q

Sprengel’s deformity is?

A

Abnormally elevated locus of scapula.

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14
Q

Omovertebral bone?

A

Os on the sup. Angle of scap

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15
Q

Longer TVP of C7 and looks like rib?

A

TVP elongation and cervical rib

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16
Q

Os in mid VB (anterior aspect)

A

Intercalary bone

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17
Q

Os on posterior aspect within nuchal ligament

A

Nuchal bone

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18
Q

Calcification on nuchal ligament

A

Occipital spur/ enlarged EOP

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19
Q

Looks like C1 and C2 VB fit perfectly together

A

Pseudoarticulations

20
Q

Cervical spondylolisthesis is recognized by?

A

Absent pedicles bilaterally
Dysplasia of articular processes
Anterior or retro listhesis.

21
Q

Tip of odontoid <8 mm above line

A

McGregors

22
Q

Measurement for the atlanto-odental interspace

A

<3 adult, <5 child

23
Q

George’s line measures?

A

Posterior body margins alignment

24
Q

Atlanto-axial alignment

A

Lateral masses of atlas should be in vertical bilateral alignment.

25
Q

This line should pass through the anterior superior margin of C7 and is drawn from the apex of odontiod.

A

Gravitational (wbearing)

26
Q

Cystic granuloma on the site of muscular injections with cortical steroid therapy. (Fat necrosis)

A

Injection granuloma

27
Q

Phleboliths in the pelvic basin are

A

Calcification of thrombi attached to the walls of veins

28
Q

Transverse short luceny line in mid portion of VB

A

Hahn’s venous clefts

29
Q

Superior or inferior migration og NP in endplate is called

A

Schmorl’s node

30
Q

Broadbased curved endplate is known as?

A

Notochordal impression

31
Q

Cupids bow contour is typically located?

A

Inferior endplate at L4/L5

32
Q

Hour glass shape, both pedicles present, VB over and under will match contour.

A

Butterfly vertebrae

33
Q

Herniation of a small portion of NP as a result of trauma

A

Limbus bone (anterior)

34
Q

Wedged shaped bony ridge or fragment at endplate due to trauma

A

Posterior apophyseal ring fracture

35
Q

Wedged vertebral body as result of failure to develop of paired chondral centre. Usually located laterally.

A

Hemivertebrae

36
Q

SBO of S1 plus enongated and vertically oriented SP of L5 increase RIM but can impinge if extreme extention.

A

Knife-Clasp Deformity

37
Q

Transitional segment can be either

A

Sacralizatiob or lumbarization and can cause degenerative changes due to uneven disp of mechanical stress.

38
Q

Contralateral pedicle with sclerotic changes

A

Congenital pedicle absence

39
Q

Non union of tip of inferior process

A

Oppenheimer’s ossicle

40
Q

Asymmetry of facet articulation from side to side

A

Facet tropism

41
Q

Name the 9 regions of the stomach

A

Epigastric, umbulical, hypogastric
Right, left lumbar
Right left hypochondriac
Right left iliac

42
Q

Name the angles of the chest

A

Cardiophrenic

Costophrenic

43
Q

Name abnormalities in chest angles

A

Eversion of diaphragm
Tenting
Accumilation of aortic arch
Collapsed lung density change

44
Q

A breach in the atlanto-axial alignment is a?

A

Burst fracture

45
Q

What does blunting angles on a PA chest indicate?

A

Fluid accumulation because of infection

46
Q

What does a collapsed lung look like?

A

Density change with a look like a baloon in a jar

47
Q

List the five basic pathologic alterstions on contrast study of lower GI

A 
Polypoid lesions
Mucosal masses
Ulcerations
Diverticula
Extrinsic compression

year 1 (10 decks)

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