NRA

Question 1

Number of bones in the hand

Answer 1

54

Question 2

Number of bones in the feet

Answer 2

52

Question 3

Name the sections of long bones

Answer 3

Epiphys, diaphysis, metaphysis

Question 4

Types of bones

Answer 4

Long, short (carpal tarsals), flat(skull,ribs), irregular, sesmoid

Question 5

ABCDs

Answer 5

Asymmetry
Bone
Characteristics
Distribution
Soft tissue

Question 6

Name the radiographic densities

Answer 6

Air (black)
Fat (dark grey)
Water (light grey)
Bone (white) 
Metal

Question 7

What is special about the PA view of the wrist

Answer 7

Can see an overlap between trapezium and trapezoid

Question 8

Recognize a medial oblique wrist

Answer 8

No overlap between trape1 and trape2

Best to evaluate 1. Carpometacarpal j.

Question 9

Lateral view

Answer 9

3rd metacarpal, capitate, lunate and radius straight line
Rubber ducky (S,L,T)

Question 10

Estimate the persons age from visual trapeziod and schapoid but no pisiform

Answer 10

6 years old

Question 11

Name the accessory views of the wrist

Answer 11

PA ulna deviation (S)

Ballcatcher’s (P)

Question 12

Name normal variations in wrist

Answer 12

Carpal coalition
Os styloideum
Neg. ulna variance
Madelung's deformity
Schapoid tubercle

Question 13

What is shortening of one or more metacarpals called

Answer 13

Brachymetacarpy

Question 14

What is Kirner deformaty

Answer 14

Distal claw-like deformaty of the phalanx.

Question 15

Name the characteristics of Marfane syndrome

Answer 15

Unusually thin digits

Genetic disorder affecting connective tissue

Question 16

Normal variants of hand

Answer 16

Nutrient channels
Cortical thickness of metacarpals
Phalangeal ridges
Polydactaly
Syndactaly
Brachymetacarpy
Symphalangism
Sesamoid bones
Thumb duplication/triphalangeal thumb

Question 17

Order of appering ossification elbow

Answer 17

Capitellum 1 year
Radial head 3-6
Internal (medial) epicondyle 5-7
Trochlea 9-10
Olecranon 6-10
Lateral 10-13

Question 18

At what age should elbow ossification be completed with all structures

Answer 18

13 y

Question 19

Child age 7. Name structures developed in elbow following normal critae

Answer 19

Capitellum
Radial head
Maybe medial epicondyle

Question 20

Child age 10. Name developed bones in elbow

Answer 20

Capitellum
Radial head
Medial epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon (age 6)
Lateral epicondyle ?

Question 21

Name the joints in the elbow

Answer 21

Radio-capitellar joint
Proxial radioulnar joint
Trochlear ulnar articulation

Question 22

Measurement of joints in elbow

Answer 22

GH 4-5 mm
AH 7-11 mm
AC 3-4 mm
CC 11-13

Question 22

Number of bones in the body

Answer 22

206 in total

Question 22

How many joints

Answer 22

360

Question 22

A tumor can be

Answer 22

Litic or blastic (growing bigger)

Question 23

Standard views of the wrist And accessory

Answer 23

PA wrist Lateral Medial olique Ulna deviation Ballcatcher’s

Question 24

Standard views of the hand

Answer 24

PA hand Medial olique hand (MAC effect) Lateral hand (fingers spread)

Question 25

Standard views The elbow

Answer 25

AP supination | Lateral 90 degrees

Question 26

Standard views of the shoulder

Answer 26

AP - internal (flat greater tuberosity) - external (greater tuberosity)

Question 27

Accessory views of the shoulder

Answer 27

``` Axillary (bird perspective) Lateral scapula (broken?) AC joint series Long bone study Pec major insertion ```

Question 28

Normal variants of the shoulder

Answer 28

Ununited apophyses Pseudotumor Vacuum phenomenen Sprengel deformity

Question 29

What are companion shadows?

Answer 29

Soft tissue overlying bony landmarks

Question 30

When can a pseudotumor be seen?

Answer 30

Internal rotation «in face» of the proximal humerus.

Question 31

Standard views on the knee

Answer 31

``` AP weight bearing 5 degrees Lateral >30 in flexion - looking for alignment of patella Tunnel Tibia spines ```

Question 32

Accessory views of knee

Answer 32

``` Sunrise patella (tangential) Long bone studies ```

Question 33

Normal variants of the knee

Answer 33

``` Hypoplasia <4y Os fabella Os cymella Harris lines (growt arrest lines) Bi/tripartite patella Ludloffs patch ```

Question 34

Measurements of the knee

Answer 34

``` Patellar position Osgood-Schlatter’s - 11-15 Sinding-Larsen-Johannsen syndrome Pellegrini-Steida Remnent growth plate ```

Question 35

Ankle standard views

Answer 35

``` AP ankle 15 - intern rotation and dorsiflexion Medial oblique 30 int. Rot Lateral - fused fibula and tibia ```

Question 36

Accessory views on the ankle

Answer 36

Inversion stress view Mortise -> joint - 5-10 degrees medial angulation

Question 37

Normal variations on the ankle 6 accessory os

Answer 37

``` Talar beak Tarsal coalition Calcaneal apophysis (severe’s disease) Accessory ossicles - peroneum, os tibiale externum, navicular syndrome, os trigonum, os supranavicular ```

Question 38

Views of foot

Answer 38

AP | Medial oblique

Question 39

Accessory views of the foot

Answer 39

45 deg. Cephalad tube tilt Metatarsal growth centers 5th metatarsal styloid process

Question 40

Normal variants of the foot

Answer 40

``` Phalangeal syntosis Hallux rigidus (stiff) Hallux valgus (lat. Deviation) Morton’s syndrome (short) Polydactyly Bilateral bipartite ses. Bone Triparite medial of 1st MTP Pseudotumor Heel spurs Brachymetatarsia ```

Question 41

Measurements of the foot

Answer 41

Heel pad thickness - <25 men <23 women Boehler’s angle - <28-40 deg.

Question 42

You find os peroneum

Answer 42

Adjacent to the cuboid (lateral)

Question 43

Medial to the navicular bone is

Answer 43

Os tibiale externum

Question 44

Os trigonum | Ballet

Answer 44

Posterior side of talus

Question 45

Soft tissue findings on the pelvis

Answer 45

Fat pads: - gluteus - psoas - capsular - oberator

Question 46

Normal variations on the hip

Answer 46

``` Os acetabulum Pubic ears Paraglenoid sulci Pitt’s pitt Bilateral iliac horns ```

Question 47

Normal structures -> pathology

Answer 47

``` Phlebolitts Ischiopubic synchodrosis Fovea capitis Superior acetabular notch Pubic symphosis Vascular grooves Acetabular roof Ward’s triangle ```

Question 48

Measurement of pediatric hip

Answer 48

Hilgenreiner’s | Perkin’s

Question 49

Adult measurement of the hip

Answer 49

``` Pubic symphysis widt <7 Femoral acetebular joint 3-6,4-13,3-7 Femoral angle - vara <120\ valga >130 Shenton’s line (inferor oberator) Klein’s line (bilateral, femor head) ```

Question 50

What is the teardrop distance?

Answer 50

6-11 mm

Question 51

What is pectus excavatum?

Answer 51

Abnormal growth of sternum and ribs presenting a caved-in impression of central chest.