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year 1 > Behavioural Science > Flashcards

Behavioural Science Flashcards

1
Q

Example of FITD persuasion tactics

A

Bem’s self-perception theory (1972)

Naturally agree to a second larger request.

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2
Q

Why does DITF work as persuasion technique?

A

Guilt or reciprocal concressions.

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3
Q

Difference of FITD and Low-Balling

A

Cost associated with performing targeted action in low-balling.

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4
Q

1977 psychiatrist George Engel developed

A

The first biopsychosocial model

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5
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome?

A

Compression of central tube of nerves below lower end of spinal chord (L1)

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6
Q

Verbal communication

A

Paraphrasing, summarising, clarifying, active listening, ‘I’ messages

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7
Q

Name active listening techniques

A

Mirroring
Empathy
Silence

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8
Q

Ways of interference in communication

A

Leading questions, Jargon,

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9
Q

Types of non-verbal communication

A 
Facial expression
Gaze
Gesture
Body movement
Posture
Touch
Clothing
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10
Q

What is crucial for effective communication

A

Empathy

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11
Q

SOLER is professional good nonverbal comm

A 
Sitting
Open posture
Leaning
Eye contact
Relax
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12
Q

What is expressed verbally other than words

A

Paralanguage ex. Paralinguistics (um, uh-huh)

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13
Q

How to deal with aggressive patients

A

Assertive approach:

  • by keeping voice low
  • no signals of aggression, - active listening and acknowledge the aggression, open questions
  • position yourself carefully
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14
Q

Name the ‘do not’s when dealing with aggressive patients

A

Do not:

  • reward rudeness or abuse
  • bluff
  • focus on aggression, but story
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15
Q

Name the two types of aggression

A

Hostile (hot) and instrumental (cold)

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16
Q

Name the 5 theories of aggression

A 
Ethiological (animal)
Psychoanalytic (off chest)
Aggression hypothesis 
Revised frustration-aggression
Social learning theory
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17
Q

Importance of BPS model

A

Used for chronic care. 90% will experience backpain during their life.
Study from 2013-14 slightly over 1 mill of UK suffer from musculoskeletal disorders.

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17
Q

What are yellow flags? How do you discover them?

A

Psychosocial factors that could affect the treatment process and effect. Tendency to be chronic.

StarT Back or Care response

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17
Q

Elderly diversity covered how?

A

Susan & Riley (1985) divided into three groups:
- young old, old-old, really old
As great diversity

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17
Q

Studie and one theory on elderly

A

European union study (2002) asked elderly what’s important: Dignity.

Susan & Riley (1985) divided elderly into three groups.

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18
Q

Theory on younger

5-17% of consultations

A

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development:

- sensimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.

19
Q

Theories on culture

A

Andrew and Boyle (1995)
- culture is learned from birth, shared by members, dynamic, each culture have beliefs to explain illness.

De Santis (1994) 
Physicians culture, health setting culture, patients culture.

Personalistic and naturalistic

20
Q

Name two transcultural health care models

A

Access model and cultural competence model

Developed for nurses to provide understanding as it is crucial to explore patients health beliefs to ensure optimal treatment.

21
Q

CBT is?

A

Talking therapy helping patients to change their cognitive way of thinking, and behavioural response.

Used to treat anxiety or depression.

22
Q

Name the model relevant to CBT

A

ABC- model by Albert Ellis (1957)
A= Adversity (trigger)
B= Beliefs
C= Consequences

Used to identify irrational thinking.

23
Q

Definition of illness

A

A condition of pronounced deviation from normal.

24
Q

What is illness behaviour?

A

State when individual feels ill and behaves accordingly.

25
Q

A social role of taking an activity undertaking to make the individual well.

A

The sick role by Parsons (1957)

26
Q

Definition of pain by WHO

A

Sensory or emotional experience associated with tissue damage.

27
Q

What is important in treating illness?

A

A better understanding of individuals illness by assessing.

28
Q

What is communication according to Le May’s definition?

A

Activity of conveying info by verbal or non-verbal strategies. A two way process.

29
Q

Why is good communication important?

A

Skipper & Leonard suggested that sharing info with patients improved recovery rates.

Beckman & Frankel did a study on patient consutaltion. Interrupted within 15 seconds with closed questions. Only one minute longer.

30
Q

Theories on non-verbal communication

A

Meheabian (1971) and Hall (1966)

Facial expression believed more than words if unconsistent.

Four personal spatial zones.
- intimate, personal, social

31
Q

How much of communication consists of paralinguistic messages?

A

38%

Tone of voice, speed, clarity, pauses

32
Q

What is Beauchamp and Childress’ Four principles framework?

A

Autonomy,
Beneficience,
Non-maleficient
Justice

Ethical principles

33
Q

Compliance is the act of agreeing with a proposal/demand.

Name a relevat theory

A

Cognitive hypothesis model of compliance (Ley, 1989)

Patient satisfied
Understands information
Recall information

34
Q

Name the five factors affecting adherings

A 
Social/economic
Healthcare systems
Condition related
Therapy related
Patient related
35
Q

Sequence of an emotion?

A 
Stimulus event
Perception
Cognition
Feelings
Impulses to action
Action
36
Q

Stress can be acute or chronic.

Explain what happens at each of them

A

Fight-or-flight in acute and Selye’s General adaptation syndrome in chronic, resulting in poorer health and bad immunesystem.

37
Q

Explain coping behaviour

A

Problem or emotion focused. Gender and personality differences.
Type A or type B personality.

38
Q

Name four types of depression

A

Major depressive
Dysthymia
Postpartum
Long night

39
Q

Theories of personality

A

Eysench is based on three key traits:

  • extroversion- intraversion
  • necrotism-stability
  • psychotism

The Big Five (OCEAN)
openness, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, necrotism

40
Q

Explain stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.

A

Generalisation of characteristics of a group.
Prejudice= attitude
Discrim= actions

41
Q

What is stigma?

A

Unfair beliefs of characteristics of a group.

42
Q

Explain the pigmalian effect

A

Expectations -> leading role -> motivation -> performance

43
Q

Theories of stereotypes

A

Realistic conflict theory
- conflicts arise when limited resources.
Social identity theory
- enhancing self-esteem by identifying with social groups.

44
Q

Motivation

A

Biased cognitive processes
Illogical thought rythms
Defence mechanisms

Relevance:
- encourage positive behaviours of patients

45
Q

Models about motivation

A 
Health belief model
Social cognition model
1. Reasoned action
2. Planned behaviour
- percieved of having low self control
46
Q

How can you motivate someone?

A

Motivational interviewing founded by the transtheoretical model.

Remember that motivation is specific to one behaviour.

47
Q

What is the difference between anger and aggression?

A

Aggression is intention to inflict harm. Can be hostile or instrumental (cold).

48
Q

Explain how ethics is done in chiropractics.

A

Influenced by model of health, using ethical rules:
- veracity, confidentiality, fidelity.

Founded by ethical principles from teology and deontology (duty)

year 1 (10 decks)

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