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year 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Earliest medical text dates back to and was created by

A

1600 BCE “Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus”

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2
Q

Who was behind the basic musculoskeletal system knowledge and tricuslid valve

A

Hippocrates (460 BCE)

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3
Q

Who discovered difference between veins and arteries

A

Praxagoras

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4
Q

Who is coincidered to be the father of anatomy?

A

Herophilus

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5
Q

Who was the gladiators physician?

A

Claudius Galen

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6
Q

Acienna

A

Quite accurate research still being used in India.

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7
Q

Who stated that the nerve came from the brain and not the heart

A

Versalius

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8
Q

Discovered heart function and blood flow

A

William Harvey

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9
Q

Name the origin of the flexors of the wrist

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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10
Q

Name the origin of the wrist extensors

A

Lateral epicondyle

Distal lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

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11
Q

Which are the muscles holding the shoulder in the socket? And name mutual insertion of the first three

A

Supraspinatous
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Greater tubercle
(SITS)

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12
Q

What is myotomes

A

Group of muscles from a single spinal nerve

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13
Q

What are dermatomes

A

Sensory fibres from a single spinal nerve

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14
Q

Name the two types of muscletesting

A

Break testing

Active resistance testing

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15
Q

Name muscles stablizing scapula and clavicle

7

A 
Trap
Lev. Scap
Rhomb x2
Serratus ant
Pec x2
Subclav
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16
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

O: 3rd-5th rib
I: coracoid process
N: medial pectoral nerve
A: stabilises, pulling inferior and ant

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17
Q

Subclavicus

A

O: junction of 1st rib
I: inferior surface of middle third clavicle
N: nerve to subclavicus C5,6
A: anchors and depresses clavicle

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18
Q

Serratus anterior

A

O: external surf of lat part of 1st to 8th rib
I: anterior surface of medial scapula
N: long thoracic nerve c5,6,7
A: anchers scapula to thoracic wall

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19
Q

Muscles that move the arm

A 
Delt
Teres maj
Coracobrach
Latissi
Biceps
Tricep
Brachiorad
Anconeus
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20
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O: corochoid scapula
I: tuberosity of radius
N: musculocutaneous nerve
A: elbow flexion and supination, flex shoulder

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21
Q

Brachialis

A

O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve
A: flex elbow

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22
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

O: tip of coracoid process
I: middle third of medial surface humerus
N: musculocutaneous nerve
A: shoulder flex, add

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23
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O: humerus
I: olecranon
N: radial nerve
A: elbow extension

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24
Q

Principles of dermatomes

A

Cutaneous nerves
Brachial plexus
Dorsal nerve root at spinal level
Brain

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25
Q

Principles of myotomes

A

Brain
Spinal chord
Specific ventral nerve root
Peripheral nerve

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26
Q

Name the 8 wrist flexors

A 
Pronator
Flexor rad, uln, superfi
Palmaris
Digitorum profondus
Pollicis longus
Pronator
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27
Q

Name the 11 wrist extensors

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi rad long, brev
Digitorum
Digiti minimi
Carp radialis
Supinator
Abductor poll long
Ext poll long
Ext poll brevis
Indicis
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28
Q

Pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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29
Q

If the impression for costoclavicular ligament is visable you are looking at the

A

Posterior surface of the clavicle

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30
Q

Name 6 muscles that insert onto greater trochanter

A

Oberatus internus, glut medius and mini, piriformis, gemellius sup and inf

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31
Q

Name the three muscles that inserts on to ichial tuberosity

A

(The posterior thigh muscles)

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps fem

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32
Q

Name muscles that inserts to lesser trochanter

A

Psoas, pectineus, iliacus

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33
Q

Muscles that inserts on to base of patella and by patella ligament to tibial tuberosity

A

Quadriceps:

Vast lat, intermedius and medialis, rec fem

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34
Q

Muscles innervated by the femoral nerve

A

The anterior thigh muscles.

Pec, psoas, iliacus, quads and sartorius.

35
Q

Name the mutual insertion for gluteal muscles

A

Ileum (ala or anterior surface)

36
Q

Mutual insertion for adductors

A

Inferior pubic rami

37
Q

Which plexus is sciatic nerve in and where does it get its blood supply from?

A

Sacral plexus. Inferior gluteal artery.

38
Q

Which nerve is the posterior thigh muscles innervated by?

A

Sciatic

39
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior leg muscles?

A

Tibial

40
Q

Name the three muscles that is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (and also artery)

A

TFL, glut med and min

41
Q

Name muscles supplied by the inferior gluteal artery

A

Oberator internus, quadtratus femoris and glut max.

42
Q

Supplied by oberator nerve

A

Adductors, oberator externus

43
Q

What structures make up and pass through femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius, inguinal ligament, adductor longus

Inguinal lymph, fem N,V,A

44
Q

Piriformins

A

Sacrum, greater troch, N:Ventral rami S1/2

45
Q

Posterior thigh muscles?

A

Innervated by sciatic and origins from ischial tuberosity.

46
Q

Number of bones in the human spine

A

33 in total. 24 movable

47
Q

Which mucles attaches to the intertubercular groove of humerus

A

Pec major and teres major

48
Q

Which muscles attaches on to the medial border of scapula and are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

A

Levator scap and rhomboids

49
Q

Teres minor and deltoids are both innervated by

A

The axillary nerve

50
Q

Which muscles are innervated by subscapular nerve

A

Teres major (lower) and subscapular (upper and lower)

51
Q

O: SP T6
I: Thoracolumbar fascia
N: Thoracodorsal
A: Shoulder extention, adduction, medial rotation

A

Latissimus dorsi

52
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior arm muscles? (Biceps, brachialis, coraco)

A

Musculocutaneous

53
Q

Which muscles make up the thenar eminence

A

Abductor poll brev
Flexor
Opponens pollicis

54
Q

Muscles that make up the hypothenar compartment

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor
Opponens digiti minimi

55
Q

Name the four suboccipital muscles

A

Rectus capitis major and minor

Obliquus inferior and superior

56
Q

Name the three back muscle groups

A

Spenius capitis/cervics
Erector spinae
Transversospinal

57
Q

Supplied by the axillar nerve

A

Teres minor and deltoid

58
Q

State three muscles that inserts onto the intertubercular groove

A

Pec major, latissimus dorsi and teres major

59
Q

State 3 muscles that origions from ribs

A

Pec minor
Subclavicus
Serratus anterior

60
Q

Muscles origins from SP

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Rectus capitis major and obliquus superior

61
Q

What is the adductor hiatus and canal?

A

Opening in aponeurotic distal attachment of adductor magnus. Narrow fascial tunnel.

Transmitts femoral artery and vain, and the saphenous vein.

62
Q

What is the femoral triangle consistent of?

A

Sartorius, adductor longus and inguinal ligament.

Inguinal lymph nodes, femoral artery, veib and nerve.

63
Q

Name the two muscles that is supplied by dorsal scapular nerve

A

Levator scapula and rhomboids

64
Q

Out of serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi, which is supplied by thoracodorsal? And not by long thoracic

A

Latissimus dorsi = Dorsal thoracic

Serratus anterior = Long thoracic

65
Q

Digitorium muscles in arm moves? And attaches?

A

Medial four digits and attarch to DIP or PIP depending on how deep.

66
Q

Pollicis longus and brevis attaches?

A

Longus on distal and brevis on proximal

67
Q

Which two muscles attach to the iliotibial tract?

A

Gluteus maximus and TLF

68
Q

Lateral rotation of hip

A

Obetator externus, glut max, piriformis, quadratus femoris, gemellius.

69
Q

Content and boundaries of cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis, pronator teres and epicondylar line.

Median nerve, brachial artery and median cubital vein.

(Roof: Fascia and bicepital aponeurosis, Floor: Brachialis and supinator)

70
Q

Describe the ROM in the spine

A

Greatest in the cervical region, least in thoracic (20-50) and least rotation and lateral flexion in lumbar (3-18,15-20)

71
Q

Name the two muscle groups in the pelvic diaphragm

A

Coccygeus (pubic and ilio) and levator ani

72
Q

Popliteal fossa boundaries and content

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and gastrocs.

Popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve

73
Q

Diaphragm attaches? And apertures? Innervated by?

A

Sternal, lumbar and costal part.

Esophagus, aortic and caval.

Phrenic nerve

74
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

Separates pelvic from perineal viscera and is divided into two groups:
Coccygeus and levator ani

Innervated by sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.

75
Q

Name the three muscles in the intermediate back muscle group

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

76
Q

Which ligament divides the sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinal ligament

77
Q

Two ligaments connecting ribs to VB are called?

A

Radiate ligament and costotransverse

78
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

The rule of nerve supply ti any joint. Innervation of joints is generally by branches of nerves that either supply muscles acting on that joint or skin covering that joint.

79
Q

What is the mediastinums borders?

A

Located between pleural sacs. Divided into two by lines from sternal angle to T4 VB.

Superior extends upwards, terminating at the thoracic aperture.
Inferior extends downwards to diaphragm.

80
Q

Where in relation to the spine does the kidneys extend?

A

T12-L3

81
Q

Name the fascial layers of the kidney (CFFF)

A

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

82
Q

Name the two ligaments holding the ovarys in place

A

Ligament of ovary and suspensory ligament

83
Q

Describe attatchment for ACL and PCL

A

ACL:
- Lateral femoral condyle to intercondylar eminence of tibia

PCL
- Anterior medial condyle of femur to posterior aspect of proximal tibia.

year 1 (10 decks)

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