Anatomy Flashcards by kristine friksen

Earliest medical text dates back to and was created by

1600 BCE “Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus”

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Who was behind the basic musculoskeletal system knowledge and tricuslid valve

Hippocrates (460 BCE)

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Who discovered difference between veins and arteries

Praxagoras

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Who is coincidered to be the father of anatomy?

Herophilus

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Who was the gladiators physician?

Claudius Galen

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Acienna

Quite accurate research still being used in India.

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Who stated that the nerve came from the brain and not the heart

Versalius

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Discovered heart function and blood flow

William Harvey

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Name the origin of the flexors of the wrist

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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Name the origin of the wrist extensors

Lateral epicondyle

Distal lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

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Which are the muscles holding the shoulder in the socket? And name mutual insertion of the first three

Supraspinatous
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Greater tubercle
(SITS)

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What is myotomes

Group of muscles from a single spinal nerve

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What are dermatomes

Sensory fibres from a single spinal nerve

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Name the two types of muscletesting

Break testing

Active resistance testing

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Name muscles stablizing scapula and clavicle

Trap
Lev. Scap
Rhomb x2
Serratus ant
Pec x2
Subclav

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Pectoralis minor

O: 3rd-5th rib
I: coracoid process
N: medial pectoral nerve
A: stabilises, pulling inferior and ant

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Subclavicus

O: junction of 1st rib
I: inferior surface of middle third clavicle
N: nerve to subclavicus C5,6
A: anchors and depresses clavicle

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Serratus anterior

O: external surf of lat part of 1st to 8th rib
I: anterior surface of medial scapula
N: long thoracic nerve c5,6,7
A: anchers scapula to thoracic wall

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Muscles that move the arm

Delt
Teres maj
Coracobrach
Latissi
Biceps
Tricep
Brachiorad
Anconeus

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Biceps brachii

O: corochoid scapula
I: tuberosity of radius
N: musculocutaneous nerve
A: elbow flexion and supination, flex shoulder

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Brachialis

O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve
A: flex elbow

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Coracobrachialis

O: tip of coracoid process
I: middle third of medial surface humerus
N: musculocutaneous nerve
A: shoulder flex, add

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Triceps brachii

O: humerus
I: olecranon
N: radial nerve
A: elbow extension

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Principles of dermatomes

Cutaneous nerves
Brachial plexus
Dorsal nerve root at spinal level
Brain

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Principles of myotomes

Brain Spinal chord Specific ventral nerve root Peripheral nerve

Name the 8 wrist flexors

``` Pronator Flexor rad, uln, superfi Palmaris Digitorum profondus Pollicis longus Pronator ```

Name the 11 wrist extensors

``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi rad long, brev Digitorum Digiti minimi Carp radialis Supinator Abductor poll long Ext poll long Ext poll brevis Indicis ```

Pairs of spinal nerves?

If the impression for costoclavicular ligament is visable you are looking at the

Posterior surface of the clavicle

Name 6 muscles that insert onto greater trochanter

Oberatus internus, glut medius and mini, piriformis, gemellius sup and inf

Name the three muscles that inserts on to ichial tuberosity

(The posterior thigh muscles) | Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps fem

Name muscles that inserts to lesser trochanter

Psoas, pectineus, iliacus

Muscles that inserts on to base of patella and by patella ligament to tibial tuberosity

Quadriceps: | Vast lat, intermedius and medialis, rec fem

Muscles innervated by the femoral nerve

The anterior thigh muscles. | Pec, psoas, iliacus, quads and sartorius.

Name the mutual insertion for gluteal muscles

Ileum (ala or anterior surface)

Mutual insertion for adductors

Inferior pubic rami

Which plexus is sciatic nerve in and where does it get its blood supply from?

Sacral plexus. Inferior gluteal artery.

Which nerve is the posterior thigh muscles innervated by?

Sciatic

Which nerve innervates the posterior leg muscles?

Tibial

Name the three muscles that is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (and also artery)

TFL, glut med and min

Name muscles supplied by the inferior gluteal artery

Oberator internus, quadtratus femoris and glut max.

Supplied by oberator nerve

Adductors, oberator externus

What structures make up and pass through femoral triangle?

Sartorius, inguinal ligament, adductor longus Inguinal lymph, fem N,V,A

Piriformins

Sacrum, greater troch, N:Ventral rami S1/2

Posterior thigh muscles?

Innervated by sciatic and origins from ischial tuberosity.

Number of bones in the human spine

33 in total. 24 movable

Which mucles attaches to the intertubercular groove of humerus

Pec major and teres major

Which muscles attaches on to the medial border of scapula and are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

Levator scap and rhomboids

Teres minor and deltoids are both innervated by

The axillary nerve

Which muscles are innervated by subscapular nerve

Teres major (lower) and subscapular (upper and lower)

O: SP T6 I: Thoracolumbar fascia N: Thoracodorsal A: Shoulder extention, adduction, medial rotation

Latissimus dorsi

Which nerve innervates the anterior arm muscles? (Biceps, brachialis, coraco)

Musculocutaneous

Which muscles make up the thenar eminence

Abductor poll brev Flexor Opponens pollicis

Muscles that make up the hypothenar compartment

Abductor digiti minimi Flexor Opponens digiti minimi

Name the four suboccipital muscles

Rectus capitis major and minor | Obliquus inferior and superior

Name the three back muscle groups

Spenius capitis/cervics Erector spinae Transversospinal

Supplied by the axillar nerve

Teres minor and deltoid

State three muscles that inserts onto the intertubercular groove

Pec major, latissimus dorsi and teres major

State 3 muscles that origions from ribs

Pec minor Subclavicus Serratus anterior

Muscles origins from SP

Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Rhomboids Rectus capitis major and obliquus superior

What is the adductor hiatus and canal?

Opening in aponeurotic distal attachment of adductor magnus. Narrow fascial tunnel. Transmitts femoral artery and vain, and the saphenous vein.

What is the femoral triangle consistent of?

Sartorius, adductor longus and inguinal ligament. Inguinal lymph nodes, femoral artery, veib and nerve.

Name the two muscles that is supplied by dorsal scapular nerve

Levator scapula and rhomboids

Out of serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi, which is supplied by thoracodorsal? And not by long thoracic

Latissimus dorsi = Dorsal thoracic Serratus anterior = Long thoracic

Digitorium muscles in arm moves? And attaches?

Medial four digits and attarch to DIP or PIP depending on how deep.

Pollicis longus and brevis attaches?

Longus on distal and brevis on proximal

Which two muscles attach to the iliotibial tract?

Gluteus maximus and TLF

Lateral rotation of hip

Obetator externus, glut max, piriformis, quadratus femoris, gemellius.

Content and boundaries of cubital fossa

Brachioradialis, pronator teres and epicondylar line. Median nerve, brachial artery and median cubital vein. (Roof: Fascia and bicepital aponeurosis, Floor: Brachialis and supinator)

Describe the ROM in the spine

Greatest in the cervical region, least in thoracic (20-50) and least rotation and lateral flexion in lumbar (3-18,15-20)

Name the two muscle groups in the pelvic diaphragm

Coccygeus (pubic and ilio) and levator ani

Popliteal fossa boundaries and content

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and gastrocs. Popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve

Diaphragm attaches? And apertures? Innervated by?

Sternal, lumbar and costal part. Esophagus, aortic and caval. Phrenic nerve

Pelvic diaphragm

Separates pelvic from perineal viscera and is divided into two groups: Coccygeus and levator ani Innervated by sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.

Name the three muscles in the intermediate back muscle group

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Which ligament divides the sciatic foramen?

Sacrospinal ligament

Two ligaments connecting ribs to VB are called?

Radiate ligament and costotransverse

What is Hilton’s law?

The rule of nerve supply ti any joint. Innervation of joints is generally by branches of nerves that either supply muscles acting on that joint or skin covering that joint.

What is the mediastinums borders?

Located between pleural sacs. Divided into two by lines from sternal angle to T4 VB. Superior extends upwards, terminating at the thoracic aperture. Inferior extends downwards to diaphragm.

Where in relation to the spine does the kidneys extend?

T12-L3

Name the fascial layers of the kidney (CFFF)

Renal capsule Perirenal fat Renal fascia Pararenal fat

Name the two ligaments holding the ovarys in place

Ligament of ovary and suspensory ligament

Describe attatchment for ACL and PCL

ACL: - Lateral femoral condyle to intercondylar eminence of tibia PCL - Anterior medial condyle of femur to posterior aspect of proximal tibia.