NP3C

Question 1

consists of the pons and the cerebellum, with the cerebellum being an outgrowth of the pons.

Answer 1

metencephalon

Question 2

Exposure to a radiomimetic agent at the time of proliferation of stem cells in the neural tube lining can result in complete failure to form a cerebellum

Answer 2

cerebellar aplasia

Question 3

If the infection destroyed only a portion of the stem cells in the neural tube lining, then we might encounter a ________________

Answer 3

segmental aplasia

Question 4

When BVDv happens earlier in gestation it causes:

Answer 4

anencephaly

Question 5

Exposed later to BVDv it can cause:

Answer 5

porencephaly

Question 6

shows the effects of a radiomimetic agent during the later stages of cerebellar development

Answer 6

Feline panleukopenia virus

Question 7

is a parvovirus that normally affects the gastrointestinal tract and the formation of white blood cells

Answer 7

feline panleukopenia virus

Question 8

Grossly, the tissue maintains its overall architecture, but there is much less tissue

Answer 8

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Question 9

an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system in which a cyst or cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid develops in the brain

Answer 9

porencephaly

Question 10

Feline panleukopenia virus acquired in utero, the animals like this present at birth with cerebellar signs (e.g., intention tremors). The signs are:

Answer 10

Non-progressive, this is not a degenerative disorder

Question 11

Cerebrospinal fluid flow and hydrocephalus: Which are the structures most vulnerable to partial obstruction?

Answer 11

are the mesencephalic aqueduct (4) and the lateral apertures

Question 12

Congenital stricture of the mesencephalic
aqueduct in a dog is illustrative of the change and consequences:

Answer 12

• The aqueduct is still patent, but the narrower opening will slow CSF flow, causing a backup rather like a partially clogged sink drain. As a result, there is a more gradual increase in intracranial pressure.
• In a neonate where the parietal and frontal bones have not fused, the calvarium can expand, offsetting the rise in intracranial pressure. The two parietal bones and the frontal bone normally join at a fibrous membrane known as the fontanel. In this beagle, the fontanel is tremendously expanded as the parietal bones and the. frontal bone are pushed apart.

Question 13

The entire process of impeded CSF flow, increased intracranial pressure, and the resultant atrophy of periventricular tissues is known as:

Answer 13

hydrocephalus

Question 14

Hydrocephalus can also be acquired, how?

Answer 14

Mass lesions such as tumors can impinge on CSF flow through the interventricular foramens, mesencephalic aqueduct or lateral aperatures to cause hydrocephalus

Question 15

loss of resorptive function at the level of the granulations is said to cause:

Answer 15

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 16

obstruction of CSF flow within the brain or at the level of the lateral aperture is referred to as:

Answer 16

internal hydrocephalus

Question 17

Secondary tissue changes are generally not observed because of the rise in intracranial pressure is rapid. This is seen in:

Answer 17

Acquired Hydrocephalus

Question 18

Virus infection of the cerebellar external granular cell layer will result in?

Answer 18

cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia

Question 19

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resorption is tolerated longer in neonates with congenital hydrocephalus than it is in older animals with acquired hydrocephalus. How do you explain the difference?

Answer 19

sutures between the parietal and frontal bones of a neonate remain open, allowing the calvarium to expand, thus offsetting the rise in intracranial pressure