NP1F Flashcards
What is directing the blood vessels that are penetrating to form a blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
endothelial cells that are:
non-fenestrated
the basement membrane surrounds the:
endothelial cells that are held together by tight junctions
What is the only way of crossing the barrier?
if you’re lipid soluble or if endothelial cells decide to actively transport you across the endothelial cell to the surrounding astrocytes
(true/false) Every brain region has a blood brain barrier
False, not every brain region has a blood brain barrier
Not every brain region has a blood-brain barrier. What are the areas around portions of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland in which this barrier is actually absent, allows for these brain regions to monitor and respond to systemic metabolic changes such as plasma osmolality and blood glucose levels?
circumventricular organs
What are a source of nutrient supply, waste removal, and actual communication between different brain regions?
Cerebrospinal Fluid, it will circulate within the deep masses of tissue and then ultimately exit onto the surface of the brain and spinal cord where it can be resorbed into the systemic circulation
What is the ventricular pathway for CSF?
- Lateral Ventricle
- Interventricular foramen
- Third ventricle
- Mesencephalic aqueduct
- Fourth ventricle
The cavity within each of the cerebral hemispheres, and produce cerebral spinal fluid there:
Lateral Ventricle
What is the space within the thalamus and hypothalamus, and will produce more cerebrospinal fluid?
Third ventricle
What is the space between the cerebellum and the brain stem?
Fourth ventricle
After the fourth ventricle some of the CSF can exit onto the surface of the brain via the _______________
lateral apertures
Other components of the brain will enter into the _________ of the spinal cord
central canal
Who is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid, and are highly vascular structures present in the lateral, third and fourth ventricle?
Choroid plexus
The barrier between the blood and the brain is not at the level of the blood vessel itself, explain:
the blood vessels are leaky and it’s the choroid plexus epithelium that presents the barrier because they’re stapled together by tight junctions and they take the leaked plasma that comes from these leaky vessels and the manufacture and secrete CSF and modify it in a way that is optimal for conduction of neuronal impulses
Are ciliated and these cilia beat rapidly and they assure circulation of the fluid from the lateral to the third to the fourth ventricles and then onto the surface:
Ependymal Cells
CSF production occurs at ___________ rate
constant
the portion of a skull including the braincase and excluding the lower jaw or lower jaw and facial portion
Calvarium
The periosteal lining of the skull is a very dense fibrous structure and it provides a barrier function to prevent any traumatic or inflammatory process OUTSIDE of the nervous system from entering
dura mater
the pia and arachnoid mater
leptomeninges
Delicate membranes: Is on the surface of the brain
pia mater
Delicate membrane: Is above pia mater
arachnoid membrane
The pia and arachnoid mater are attached by ____________
delicate connective tissue trabeculae
The pia and arachnoid mater are attached by ____________
delicate connective tissue trabeculae
What is the space between pia and arachnoid mater called?
subarachnoid space and it is where the CSF finds itself after exiting onto the surface of the brain and spinal cord
Where does the dura dive down?
between the cerebral hemispheres forming the falx cerebri
the largest of the four partitions of the dura mater
falx cerebri
Within the falx cerebri, there is a very large vein known as the?
dorsal sagittal venous sinus
Into the dorsal sagittal venous sinus, there are out pouchings of the arachnoid membrane and these are known as:
arachnoid granulations
In the subarachnoid space enters the granulations and there we find _________ valves that allow fluid and some cells to enter into the venous circulation
one-way
What ensures a constant CSF pressure?
Rate of Resorption
(true/false) inflammation basically means that blood vessels leak
true
pial-lined, fluid-filled structures found in characteristic locations throughout the brain
Perivascular spaces
CSF analysis is a very powerful diagnostic tool, but…
it doesn’t tell you where the problem is, it does tell that a problem may occur and gives you clues as to the nature of that problem
if it’s an inflammatory, non-inflammatory, metabolic etc.
What are some facts regarding CSF production and circulation?
The barrier between blood and CSF exists at the levels of the plexus epithelium and not the vascular endothelium
CSF composition is modified to enhance support of neuronal signal transduction
Cilia of ependymal cells ensure circulation of CSF
