notes Flashcards
The two inhibitors of protein synthesis: inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
It is acid resistant penicillin that is taken orally and affected by food
Ampicillin
It is an anti-pseudomonal penicillin
Amoxacillin
Penicillin kinetics: pass BBB? placental barrier?
No BBB passing except in inflamed meaninges
Can pass placenta, NOT TERATOGENIC
First generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?
Can it be used in meningitis?
Gram +ve organism, gram -ve
No do not cross menings
Second generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?
Can it cross BBB?
More active gram -ve less gram +ve and Anaerobes
NO! EXCEPT Cefuroxime
Name the 2nd gen Cephalosporin that is against Anaerobes
Cefoxitin
Name the 2nd gen Cephalosporin that CAN pass BBB
Cefuroxime
3rd generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?
Can it cross BBB?
more on gram +ve less gram -ve bacilli. More resistant to B-lactamase
Excellent passage of BBB
Two cephalosporins that are excellent against pseudomonas
Cefoperazone
Ceftazidime
Why is B-lactamase inhibitor combined with cephalosporin?
As it is used in combo for treatment against intra-abdominal infections and UTI.
Ceftriaxone is used agianst
The cephalosporin that can be used against Gonorrhea and Typhoid fever is?
Aztreonam is for
mainly aerobic gram -ve bacteria; especially to patients allergic to penicillin
Carbapenems is inactivated by ________ giving it a nephrotoxic affect
dihydropeptidase
Carbapenems use and serious adverse effect
Serious hospital acquired infection
Seizures
Vancomycin can cause two severe adverse effects
Red man syndrome
Nephrotoxic
Daptomycin is use because
it is an effective alternative to vancomycin
Fosfomycin shows…..
synergism with B-lactams, aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones
Cycloserine is used exclusively to….
treat tuberculosis resistant to first line drugs
Aminoglycosides are in effective against _______because_______
Anaerobes, need O2 dependent active transport to work
Aminoglycosides cross BBB? Placental barrier?
How is it excreted in urine
No but can cross placental barrier
Excreted unchanged in urine; danger of accumulation in impaired renal function
Doxycycline attach to ……leading to inhibition of protein synthesis
30 S ribosomal subunits
Tetracyclines are notorious for what two side effects?
If taken under 8 or during pregnancy; Teeth and bone Abnormalities: permanent yellow discoloration and enamel dysplasia. Deformity of bones and inhibition of its growth.
Teratogenic
Tigecycline are very wide spectrum but one organism is resistant to them which is…….
P aeruginosa
Chloramphenicol is used in
Bacterial meningitis, especially gram -ve infulenza
Chloramphenicol major two adverse effects are
Bone marrow inhibition—-> no more Erythropoiesis
Gray baby syndrome: drug not properly metabolized causing accumulation, toxicity and shock
Clarithromycin is affective against
H. pylori
Azithromycin is used for
Haemophilus influenza
Clindamycin can be used locally in
Acne vulgaris
Clindamycin can cause Fatal……
Fatal pseudomembranous colitis
Flouroquilones two major SE
Chondrolytic (cartilage destruction )
Rupture of tendons
Ciprofloxacin and Olfoxacin cause what when combined
decrease metabolism of theophylline, warfarin and sulfonylureas
Fluroquinolones absorption becomes lower if ________are taken before hand
Antiacids
Sulphathalidine is used in
bacillary dysentery
Sulfonamide strange contraindication is
Creatinine clearance < 15 ml / min
Co-trimoxazole prodice
Sequential block in synthesis of folinic acid and DNA
Rifampicin is used in two things
First line TB
Leprosy
Amphotericin B is used for…..
aspergillosis
Flucytosine differs than Amphotericin B in
being much narrower spectrum
Itraconazole does not
affect mammalian steroid synthesis
Itraconazole absorption
Food and low gastric pH
Itraconazole penetrates
poorly the cerebrospinal flood
Itraconazole is exclusively used for
dermatophytes and anychomycosis
Fluconazole differs from its siblings in
having the least effect on HME
Side effects of Voriconazole are
rash and elevated hepatic enzymes
Visual disturbances
Photosensitive dermatitis
Echinocandis MOA
inhibit B(1-3)-glucan
Griseofulvin is only useful in
treatment of systemic dermatophytosis
Nystatin is used for
vaginal candiasis
Posaconazole differs from rest because
it is the broadest spectrum member of the azole family
