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PAT 310 > notes > Flashcards

notes Flashcards

1
Q

The two inhibitors of protein synthesis: inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

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2
Q

It is acid resistant penicillin that is taken orally and affected by food

A

Ampicillin

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3
Q

It is an anti-pseudomonal penicillin

A

Amoxacillin

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4
Q

Penicillin kinetics: pass BBB? placental barrier?

A

No BBB passing except in inflamed meaninges
Can pass placenta, NOT TERATOGENIC

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5
Q

First generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?

Can it be used in meningitis?

A

Gram +ve organism, gram -ve

No do not cross menings

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6
Q

Second generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?

Can it cross BBB?

A

More active gram -ve less gram +ve and Anaerobes

NO! EXCEPT Cefuroxime

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7
Q

Name the 2nd gen Cephalosporin that is against Anaerobes

A

Cefoxitin

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8
Q

Name the 2nd gen Cephalosporin that CAN pass BBB

A

Cefuroxime

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9
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?

Can it cross BBB?

A

more on gram +ve less gram -ve bacilli. More resistant to B-lactamase

Excellent passage of BBB

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10
Q

Two cephalosporins that are excellent against pseudomonas

A

Cefoperazone

Ceftazidime

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11
Q

Why is B-lactamase inhibitor combined with cephalosporin?

A

As it is used in combo for treatment against intra-abdominal infections and UTI.

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12
Q

Ceftriaxone is used agianst

A

The cephalosporin that can be used against Gonorrhea and Typhoid fever is?

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13
Q

Aztreonam is for

A

mainly aerobic gram -ve bacteria; especially to patients allergic to penicillin

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14
Q

Carbapenems is inactivated by ________ giving it a nephrotoxic affect

A

dihydropeptidase

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15
Q

Carbapenems use and serious adverse effect

A

Serious hospital acquired infection

Seizures

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16
Q

Vancomycin can cause two severe adverse effects

A

Red man syndrome

Nephrotoxic

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17
Q

Daptomycin is use because

A

it is an effective alternative to vancomycin

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18
Q

Fosfomycin shows…..

A

synergism with B-lactams, aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones

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19
Q

Cycloserine is used exclusively to….

A

treat tuberculosis resistant to first line drugs

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20
Q

Aminoglycosides are in effective against _______because_______

A

Anaerobes, need O2 dependent active transport to work

21
Q

Aminoglycosides cross BBB? Placental barrier?
How is it excreted in urine

A

No but can cross placental barrier

Excreted unchanged in urine; danger of accumulation in impaired renal function

22
Q

Doxycycline attach to ……leading to inhibition of protein synthesis

A

30 S ribosomal subunits

23
Q

Tetracyclines are notorious for what two side effects?

A

If taken under 8 or during pregnancy; Teeth and bone Abnormalities: permanent yellow discoloration and enamel dysplasia. Deformity of bones and inhibition of its growth.

Teratogenic

24
Q

Tigecycline are very wide spectrum but one organism is resistant to them which is…….

A

P aeruginosa

25
Q

Chloramphenicol is used in

A

Bacterial meningitis, especially gram -ve infulenza

26
Q

Chloramphenicol major two adverse effects are

A

Bone marrow inhibition—-> no more Erythropoiesis

Gray baby syndrome: drug not properly metabolized causing accumulation, toxicity and shock

27
Q

Clarithromycin is affective against

A

H. pylori

28
Q

Azithromycin is used for

A

Haemophilus influenza

29
Q

Clindamycin can be used locally in

A

Acne vulgaris

30
Q

Clindamycin can cause Fatal……

A

Fatal pseudomembranous colitis

31
Q

Flouroquilones two major SE

A

Chondrolytic (cartilage destruction )

Rupture of tendons

32
Q

Ciprofloxacin and Olfoxacin cause what when combined

A

decrease metabolism of theophylline, warfarin and sulfonylureas

33
Q

Fluroquinolones absorption becomes lower if ________are taken before hand

A

Antiacids

34
Q

Sulphathalidine is used in

A

bacillary dysentery

35
Q

Sulfonamide strange contraindication is

A

Creatinine clearance < 15 ml / min

36
Q

Co-trimoxazole prodice

A

Sequential block in synthesis of folinic acid and DNA

37
Q

Rifampicin is used in two things

A

First line TB
Leprosy

38
Q

Amphotericin B is used for…..

A

aspergillosis

39
Q

Flucytosine differs than Amphotericin B in

A

being much narrower spectrum

40
Q

Itraconazole does not

A

affect mammalian steroid synthesis

41
Q

Itraconazole absorption

A

Food and low gastric pH

42
Q

Itraconazole penetrates

A

poorly the cerebrospinal flood

43
Q

Itraconazole is exclusively used for

A

dermatophytes and anychomycosis

44
Q

Fluconazole differs from its siblings in

A

having the least effect on HME

45
Q

Side effects of Voriconazole are

A

rash and elevated hepatic enzymes

Visual disturbances

Photosensitive dermatitis

46
Q

Echinocandis MOA

A

inhibit B(1-3)-glucan

47
Q

Griseofulvin is only useful in

A

treatment of systemic dermatophytosis

48
Q

Nystatin is used for

A

vaginal candiasis

49
Q

Posaconazole differs from rest because

A

it is the broadest spectrum member of the azole family

PAT 310 (13 decks)

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