Give reason Flashcards
1- Give an account on the relation between B-blocker and sulfonylureas.
a. Augment their hypoglycemia & ↓ compensatory hepatic glycogenolysis.
b. Mask sympathetic manifestation of hypoglycemia —> Silent coma.
2- Give reason sulfonylureas cannot be used in type I diabetes.
their action depends on presence of preformed endogenous insulin which is not present in patients with DM type 1.
3- Give reason Metformin cannot be used in renal impairment.
Cannot excrete lactic acid.
4- Give reason thyroid hormone replacement therapy increase during pregnancy.
A higher dose of L-T4 is often required in hypothyroid pregnant. as early development of the fetal brain depends on maternal thyroxine.
5- Give reason, thioamides take long
time for a clinical response to appear.
a. The long t1/2 of thyroxine.
b. The large store of the hormones in the gland.
6- Give reason B-blocker is given in cases of hyperthyroidism.
Used to control peripheral manifestations of hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system occurring secondary to hyperthyroidism.
7- Give reason octreotide is better than somatostatin.
Its half-life is longer than that of the natural compound, and depot formulations are available, allowing for administration once every 4 weeks.
8- Give reason desmopressin is better than vasopressin in treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis.
Has minimal activity at the V1 receptor → largely free of vasopressor effects and Is longer acting than vasopressin.
1- Explain the risk associated with removal of bacteriostatic drug before the immune system eradicate the organism.
Enough viable organisms may remain to begin a second cycle of infection.
2- Give reason it is advisable to treat patients with monotherapy.
- reduce the possibility of superinfection.
- the emergence of resistant organisms
- minimizes toxicity.
3- Give reason Benzyl Penicillin (Penicillin G) not given orally.
Acid sensitive = Destroyed by gastric acidity.
4- Give reason Benzyl Penicillin (Penicillin G) not effective in treating
Staphylococcus aureus.
Lactamase (Penicillinase) sensitive = NOT effective in β-lactamase secreting organisms as staph. Aureus.
5- Give an account on combination between penicillin and aminoglycoside.
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin can be combined with aminoglycoside for pseudomonal infection outside the urinary tract, Synergism and decrease resistance can Occur.
6- Explain why β-Lactamase (Penicillinase) Inhibitors are added to penicillin
They bind with the enzyme → Irreversible inhibition → Suicide substrate.
They protect penicillins from inactivation by β-lactamases secreted by some bacteria
8- Give reason Meropenem (Meronam) is better than Imipenem because:
a- Not metabolized by dihydropeptidase enzyme.
b- Less liable to produce seizures.
