Notes Flashcards
3 Laws of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton
1665
Evangelists Torricelli
1640
Discovered that air has weight when experimenting w/ measuring mercury.
Air put pressure on the mercury.
Forces of Flight (4)
Lift-upward
Drag-Backward
Weight-Downward
Thrust-Forward
Airplane Wings
Pressure on top of wings is less than pressure on bottom of wing-
Difference in pressure creates a force on wing that lifts it into the air.
Airplane Wings
Shaped to make air move faster over the top of the wing.
When air moves faster, the pressure of air decreases.
Balloon full of Hot Air
Rises up because the hot air expands inside the balloon. When it cools and let out the balloon comes back down.
Hot Air
Expands and spreads out and becomes lighter then cool air.
Francesco Lana
Used discovery to plan for airship in 1600’s.
Design was never tried.
Regimes/Speeds of flight
Supersonic-760-3500 mph
Mach 1-Mach 5
Concorde-can fly up to 5x speed of sound
Regimes/Speeds of flights
Subsonic (Boeing 747)
350-750 mph
Most commercial jets used today just below speed of sound
Regimes/Speeds of flight:
General Aviation
100-350 mph
*seaplanes
*crop dusters
*2/4 seat passenger planes
Mach 1
Plane traveling at speed of sound
760 mph
Mach 2=twice the speed of sound
Sonic Boom
Caused by a sudden change in air pressure
when plane travels faster than sound=supersonic speed
Travel faster than speed of sound
Plane must break through shock wave
Creates sonic boom
Plane traveling speed of sound
The air waves gather together and compress the air in front of plane to keep it moving forward.
Compression causes shockwave to form
Sound Waves
Travel at speed of about 750 mph at sea level
Sound
Made of molecules of air that move and push together to form sound waves.
Elevators
On the tail section used to control the pitch of the plane.
Pilot uses control wheel to raise and lower elevators by moving back and forward.
Rudder
Works to control yaw at the plane.
Pilot moves rudder left and right with left and right pedals.
Ailerons
Turning control wheel clockwise raises the right aileron and lowers the left aileron.
Which rolls plane to the right.
Pilot controls plane w/ several instruments.
Ailerons-raise and lower the wings.
Pilot uses a control wheel to control the roll of the plane.
Pilot controls plane w/ several instruments.
Throttle-controls engine power.
Push throttle-increases power
Pull throttle-decreases power
Yaw
Turning of a plane
Rudder-turned to one side-plane moves left or right
Ailerons used w/ ailerons used together to make a turn
Plane’s nose is pointed same direction of rudder
Elevators
Lowering elevators causes airplane nose to drop-sending plane down
Raising causes planes to climb
Pitch
Makes a plane descend or climb
Pilot adjusts the elevators on the tail to make phone descend or climb
To roll the plane to right or left
The ailerons are raised on one wing and lowered on the other
Wing with lowered aileron rises
Wing with raised aileron drops
Regimes/Speeds of flights
Hypersonic
3500-7000mph
Mach 5-Mach 10
Rockets-Space Shuttle travel 5-10x speed of sound
Air is a mixture of different gasses
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Moving air has a force that will
Lift kites and balloons up and down
Air pressure
Created by the molecules moving around
What is air?
A physical substance which has weight.
Molecules which are constantly moving
3 Laws of Motion
- If object not moving it wont start moving by itself. If it is moving it will not stop or change direction unless something pushes it.
3 Laws of Motion
- Objects will move farther and faster when pushed harder
- When object is pushed in 1 direction there is always resistance of the same size in opposite direction
