Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck > Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity?

A
  • Sense of smell
  • provides a route for inspired air
  • filters inspired air trapping particles in the nasal hair and mucous
  • moistens and warms inspired air
  • resonating chamber for speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What epithelia lines the nasal cavity?

A

psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

  • watery secretions help humidify
  • rich blood supply helps to warm
  • mucous/cilia helps filter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the external nose made of?

A

bone and cartilaginous part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is the nasal bone susceptible to fracture?

A

it is prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the vestibule and what is it lined with?

A

the opening to the nostril

-lined with skin containingg sebaceous, sweat glands and hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

Roof - cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Lateral wall - conchae
Medial wall - nasal septum
Floor - hard palate of oral cavity
Posterior - communicates with nasopharynx and eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is conchae?

A

also known as turbinates

  • bony projections (have superior, middle and inferior)
  • spaces created underneath called meatusus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the point of conchae?

A

slows down air flow by causing turbulence of airflow

  • allows for humidification and warming of the air
  • increases SA with which the air passes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is found in the meatuses and what is their function?

A

openings under the meatuses allow for drainage of paranasal air sinuses into the nasal cavity and naso-lacrimal duct into the nasal cavity
-allows paranasal air sinuses to communicate with the orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?

A

nasopharynx to middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What bones make up the septum?

A
  • vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

- also has a cartilaginous part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the blood supply for the cartilage come from and what is the clinical significance of that?

A

cartilaginous nasal septum receives its blood supply from the overlying perichondrium so injury to the nose can cause injury to the septum and shear the blood vessels so blood will accumulate behind the perichondrium (between the perichondrium and the septal cartilage) and deprive the cartilage of its blood supply causing a septa haematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if septal haematoma is not treated?

A

can lead to avascular necrosis of the cartilaaginous septum which will affect the shape of the external nose known as a saddle haematoma
-can also develop infection in the collecting haematoma and cause septal abscess formation further increasing risk of avascular necrosis of septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies general sensation to the nasal cavity?

A

trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are nasal polyps?

A

-fleshy, benign swelling of nasal mucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?

A
  • common in people over 40 in the middle meatus
  • bilateral
  • blocked nose
  • watery rhinorrhea
  • post-nasal drip
  • decreased smell and reduced tase
17
Q

What would you also have if there was a suspected nasal tumour?

A
  • unilateral

- blood-tinged secretion

18
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

an inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining

19
Q

What are the symptoms of rhinitis?

A
  • nasal congestion
  • rhinorrhea
  • sneezing
  • nasal irritation
  • post nasal drip
20
Q

What are the common causes of rhinitis?

A

acute infective rhinitis (viral cold)

can be allergic rhinitis

21
Q

What does a rich blood supply to the nasal mucosa allow?

A

-warming and humidification

22
Q

What is the medical term for a nose bleed?

A

epistaxis

23
Q

Where does the arterial supply to the nasal cavity arise from?

A
  • branches of othlalmic and maxillary artery (sphenopalatine artery)
  • arterial anastomoses in anterior septum (kiesselbach’s plexus) which is the most common source of bleeding in epistaxis
24
Q

What is the venous drainage from nasal cavity?

A

-drains into pterygoid venous plexus (also drains into the cevrnosu sinus and facial vein)

25
Q

Where else can nosebleeds come from?

A

the sphenopalatine artery - more serious and difficult to treat as not easily reachable to tamponade

26
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

air filled spaces that are extensions of the nasal cavity (absent at birth)

27
Q

What are paranasal sinuses lined with?

A

respiratory mucosa - pseudo stratified ciliated communal

28
Q

What is the purpose of paranasal sinuses?

A
  • reduce weight of skull

- humidify and warm inspired air

29
Q

Where do the paranasal sinuses drain into?

A

the nasal cavity via small channels (ostia) into a meatus (most into the middle meatus

30
Q

Which sinusitis is more common?

A

maxillary sinus

31
Q

What are the names of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • maxillary
  • ethmoid (air cells)
  • sphenoid
  • frontal
32
Q

Where does the general sensory innervation to the sinuses come from?

A

frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoid sinus - Va

maxillary - Vb

33
Q

What is acute sinusitis?

A

Symptommatic inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity and paranasal air sinuses

34
Q

What is the cause of sinusitis?

A

-seconary to viral infection of the nasal cavity

(symptoms typically peak early but resolve gradually

35
Q

How is acute sinusitis diagnosed?

A
  • based on history and examination
  • recent URTI
  • blocked nose and rhinnorrheoa (will have green or yellow discharge)
  • pyrexia
  • headache
  • facial pain
36
Q

What is the treatment for sinusitis?

A
  • analgesics
  • antipyretics
  • steam inhalation
37
Q

What is the pathophysiology of acute sinusitis?

A
  • pimary infection leads to reduced ciliary function, oedema of nail mucosa and sinus ostia and increased nasal secreions
  • this impedes the drainage from the sinus
  • stagnant secretions within the sinus become ideal breading found for bacteria secondary to infection
38
Q

What are the most common bacteria causes of sinusitis?

A

streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
moraxella cattarhalis

39
Q

How is epistaxis managed?

A
  • firstly you do simple first aid measures
  • simple cautery (if bleeding point is visible)
  • anterior packing using nasal tampons
  • posterior packing or need surgical intervention with ligation of SPA

Head and Neck (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions