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Head and Neck > Major blood vessels of the head and neck > Flashcards

Major blood vessels of the head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pneumonic to help remember the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Some Lazy Fucker Asked Me Out Past Sunset

S- Superior thyroid artery
L - Lingual artery
F - Facial artery
A - Ascending pharyngeal artery
M - Maxillary artery
O - Occipital artery
P - Posterior auricular artery
S - Superior temporal artery
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2
Q

What are the terminal branches of the ECA?

A

Maxillary and superior temporal artery

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3
Q

What does the maxillary artery branch into?

A

Sphenopalatine and Miidle Meningeal artery

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4
Q

What branches off the aortic arch?

A

ABC’s - Aortic arch has the brachiocephalic, LCCA and LS

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5
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery turn into?

A

Right subclavian and Right CCA

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6
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery turn into?

A

Right subclavian and Right CCA

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7
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian arteries?

A
  • internal thoracic
  • costocervical
  • thyrocervical
  • vertebral arteries
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8
Q

Where does the subclavian arteries branch?

A

base of neck

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9
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries go?

A

enter in the transverse foramen fro C6-C1 then enter through the foramen magnum into the basilar artery which enters the circle of willis supplying the brain

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10
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical?

A

inferior thyroid artery and suprascapular

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11
Q

What is significant clinical point about the inferior thyroid artery?

A

important relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of CNX (Vagus nerve)

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12
Q

Where does the superior temporal artery run?

A

anteriorly to the ear to supply the lateral scalp

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13
Q

What is the route of the internal carotid artery?

A

Passes through the carotid canal and runs through the petrous bone - when it emerges from the carotid canal it travels in the cavernous sinus

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14
Q

What does the ICA branch into after the cavernous sinus?

A
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • middle cerebral artery
  • opthalmic artery
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15
Q

What does the opthalmic artery branch into?

A

the supraorbital, supratrochlear and the central retinal artery (does these after travelling through the optic canal)

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16
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

plexus of thin walled veins on the upper sphenoid surface

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17
Q

What else travels through the cavernous sinus?

A

ICA, CN3,4,5ab,6

18
Q

Where does the common carotid artery split and what does it split into?

A

At C4 - level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage - it splits into the internal and external carotid artery

19
Q

What does the external and internal carotid artery run in?

A

The ICA runs in the carotid sheath

20
Q

What does a carotid artery atheroma cause and where are they normal found?

A

causes stenosis of the artery, if this limits blood to the brain then its TIA - if the clot embolisms then its a stroke
Most common place is the bifurcation of the carotid artery

21
Q

What is the carotid sinus, where is it and what is in it?

A
  • swelling of the bifurcation

- baroreceptors for detecting changes in arterial BP

22
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

where the peripheral chemoreceptors detect arterial o2

23
Q

What is a carotid sinus massage and what is its clinical purpose?

A

-alleviates supra ventricular tachycardia
increases parasympathetic outflow to the head and decreases sympathetic flow to the heart through the baroreceptors
-maintains blood pressure

24
Q

What is the clinical relevance of blood supply to the scalp?

A

The arteries are closely attached to connective tissue which limits constriction so you can get profuse bleeding as the arteries are held open

25
Q

What other reasons cause profuse bleeding in the brain?

A

There are LOTS of anastomoses which cause profuse bleeding
-deep lacerations involving epicranial aponeurosis also cause this as there is the opposing pull of the occipitalfrontalis muscle

26
Q

NOTE

A

Blood supply to the skull is mostly the MMA so loss of SCALP ARTERIES WILL NOT LEAD TO BONE NECROSIS AS THERE IS A SEPARATE BLOOD SUPPLY

27
Q

What is the blood supply to the scalp?

A

ECA - posterior auricular occipital, superficial temporal

ICA - supratrochlear and supraorbital

28
Q

What is the blood supply to the face?

A

ECA - transvers facial, facial, angular, lateral nasal, maxillary
ICA - supratrochlear and supraorbital

29
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
S - subcutaneous tissues
C - dense connective tissue - contains the blood vessels
A - aponeurosis
L - loose connective tissue
P - periosteum
30
Q

What is the blood supply to the nasal septum?

A

Kiesselbach area - contains anastomoses of arteries

31
Q

What are the most important branches of the kiesselbach area?

A
  • sphenopalatine (branch of the maxillary)

- anterior ethmoidal artery (branch of opthalamic)

32
Q

What is significant about the kiesselbach area?

A

most common site for nose bleeds (epistaxis)

33
Q

Where does the Medial meningeal artery travel?

A

Through foramen spinosum

34
Q

What is an important part of a craniotomy?

A
  • gains access to the cranial cavity

- bone and scalp flap reflected inferiorly to preserve blood supply

35
Q

Where do the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins drain into?

A

they unite at medial angle of eye to form angular vein which drains into the facial vein

36
Q

What significant drains into the pterygopalatine plexus and what can be the complications of this?

A

Deep facial veins drain into pterygoid venous plexus - can cause infection from facial vein to spread to dural venous sinuses - near meninges layer so can infect that and cause meningitis

37
Q

What is a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

infection from any of the facial or scalp veins can cause thrombosis of the cavernous sinus - emissary veins between pterygopalatine and cavernous sinus also increase danger of this

38
Q

What is the danger triangle?

A

Area on the face around the nose where infection is easily spread (inside)

39
Q

Which vein is easiest to see in the neck?

A

EJV - IJV is hidden under SCM - easiest to see when head slightly turned

40
Q

What vein is used to measure JVP

A

right IJV - better indication of pressures in the RA

41
Q

How do you measure JVP?

A

pulsations of the IJV observed through muscle
Measure in cmH20
Height from sternal angle +5cm

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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