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Head and Neck > Cranial nerves 7-12 > Flashcards

Cranial nerves 7-12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is CNVII?

A

facial nerve

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2
Q

Where does CNVII originate?

A

lower pons

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3
Q

What is the route of CNVII?

A

power pons –> petrous bone via internal acoustic meatus –> 3 branches within the petrous bone –> exits through stylomastoid foramen

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4
Q

What does CN VII supply?

A

muscles of facial expression

  • stapedius muscles
  • digastirc muscles and stylohyoid
  • lacrimal glands (tears)
  • mucosal glands in nose and roof of mouth
  • salivary glands - NOT PAROTID
  • anterior 2/3 of tongue (TASTE)
  • sensory to small area of external ear
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5
Q

What is the function of stapedius?

A

dampens down vibration of stapes

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6
Q

What fibres does CNVII carry?

A

SVE
GVE
SVA
GSA

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7
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A
  • Special sensory
  • parasympathetic
  • motor
  • general sensory
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8
Q

What functions are special sensory?

A

taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

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9
Q

What functions are autonomic?

A

-glands

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10
Q

What functions are motor?

A

muscles of facial expression and stapedius

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11
Q

What function are general sensory?

A

small area of external ear

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12
Q

What nerve gives the ability of the tongue to feel temperature and pain (general sensory)?

A

trigeminal nerve mandibular division CN Vc

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13
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurones found?

A

in the geniculate ganglion outside of the brainstem in the petrous bone

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14
Q

What branch of the facial nerve arise in the petrous bone?

A
  • greater petrosal nerve
  • chorda tympani
  • nerve to stapedius

then passes through sytlomastoid foramen and gives the 5 branches TZBMC

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15
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve carry?

A

parasympathetics to lacrimal glands, nasal glands and glands of the palate

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16
Q

What does the chordates tympani nerve carry?

A
  • carries special sensory taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • autonomcs to the salivary galnds
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17
Q

What does the nerve to stapedius carry?

A

nerve innervation to the stapedius to dampen down the vibrations the stapes bone gets

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18
Q

How do you test the facial nerve?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • corneal reflex
  • can present with variety of signs and symptoms depending on where along the nerve route the pathology lies
  • need to ask for presence and absence of certain things (taste, dry eyes, hyperacusis)
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19
Q

What pathologies can involve the facial nerve?

A

-middle ear pathology

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20
Q

What are the 2 limbs of the corneal reflex?

A

afferent - Va

efferent - facial nerve - supplies obicularis oculi

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21
Q

What is bells palsy?

A

compression or damage to the facial nerve causing paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face

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22
Q

What could happen if the parotid gland became swollen?

A

compress the extrocranial branches of the facial nerve

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23
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

vestibulocochlear

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24
Q

Where does CNVIII originate?

A

pons

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25
Q

What is the route of CNVIII?

A

takes signals from cochlea and vestibular system and becomes the vestibulocohlear nerve –>internal acoustic meatus –> lower pons

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26
Q

What is the function fo CN VIII?

A

special sensory - hearing and balance

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27
Q

What fibres does CNVIII carry?

A

SSA

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28
Q

What does CNVIII supply?

A

semicircular canals, cochlear

29
Q

How could you test CNVIII?

A
  • crude hearing test

- enquire about balance

30
Q

What could cause hearing loss? (sensorineural)

A

-damage involving cochlea, cochleae component of vestibulocochlear nerve

31
Q

What is presbyacusis?

A

old-age related hearing loss

32
Q

What could cause vertigo?

A

pathology involving semicircular canals

33
Q

What is an acoustic neurone?

A

benign tumour involving CNVIII
-tumours of the Schwann cells - their presence causes compression of the whole nerve (an potentially nerves near by - facial nerve and trigeminal nerve)

34
Q

What are the symptoms with acoustic neuromas?

A
  • unilateral hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
  • numbness, pain or weakness down one half of the face
35
Q

What is CN IX?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

What is the origin of CN IX?

A

medulla

37
Q

What is the route of CN IX?

A

travels from medulla –> jugular foramen –> through carotid sheath –> leaves quite high up

38
Q

What are the fibres that are carried by CN IX?

A

SVE
GVA
GSA
GVE

39
Q

What are the functions of CN IX?

A

General sensation, special sensory, autonomic, motor

40
Q

What is the motor function of CN IX?

A

-SVE fibres carry innervation to the stylopharynges muscle - assists in swallowin

41
Q

What is the special sensory function of CN IX?

A

taste and general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

42
Q

What is the general sensation function of CN IX?

A
  • palatine tonsils and oropharynx
  • middle ear and tympanic membrane
  • sensory to carotid sinus and body (BP, pO2, PCO2)
43
Q

What is the autonomic function of the CN IX?

A

innervation to the parotid gland

44
Q

How do you test the CN IX?

A
  • isolated regions are rare
  • tested in conjunction with vagus nerve (ask patients to swallow)
  • sensory limb of gag reflex
45
Q

When would you test the gag reflex?

A

only if concerns around swallowing and integrity of the nerves involved in this reflex

46
Q

What is CNX?

A

the vagus nerve

47
Q

Where does CNX originate?

A

medulla

48
Q

What is the route of CNX?

A

Medulla –> jugular foramen –> carotid sheath –> through neck into thorax and abdomen

49
Q

What is the function of CNX?

A
  • general sensory
  • motor
  • autonomic
50
Q

What does CNX supply?

A
  • sensory to lower pharynx and larynx
  • sensory to small part of external ear and tympanic membrance
  • muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx
  • autonomic to thoracic (heart) and abdominal viscera
51
Q

What does the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves turn under?

A

left - arch of aorta

right - right subclavian

52
Q

How do you test for CNX ?

A
  • listen to speech, cough, ability to swallow
  • movement of uvula and soft palate when saying aah
  • efferent limb of the gag reflex
53
Q

What could injuries to its branches cause and when would it happen?

A

hoarseness and dysphonia

-injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery

54
Q

What nerve fibres does CNX carry?

A 
GVE
GVA
SVE
SVA
GSA
55
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

56
Q

What is the function of CNXI?

A

motor

57
Q

What muscles does CNXI supply?

A

trapezius and SCM

58
Q

What is the origin and route of CNXI?

A

medulla –> jugular foramen –>carotid sheath –> exits to pass deep to SCM –>across posterior triangle to enter trapezius

59
Q

How is CN XI formed?

A

rootlets from the cervical spine and brain stem collect to form CN XI

60
Q

How do you test CN XI?

A
  • shrug shoulders against resistance

- turn head against resistancy

61
Q

When is CN XI vulnerable?

A

-lymph node biopsies, surgery and stab wounds (quite superficial in the posterior traingle)

62
Q

What nerve fibres run in CNXI?

A

GSE

SVE

63
Q

What is CN XII?

A

hypoglossal nerve

64
Q

Where does CN XII originate?

A

medulla

65
Q

What is the route of CN XII?

A

medulla –> hypoglossal canal –> runs medial to the angle of the mandible and crosses internal and external carotid arteries in the neck

66
Q

What is the function of CNXII?

A

motor

67
Q

What does CNXII supply?

A

muscles of the tongue (except one)

-change shape of tongue, protract, retract, elevate

68
Q

How do you test CNXII?

A

-inspection and movement of tongue

69
Q

What could pathology relating to CNXII include?

A

-weakness and atrophy of the tongue muscles on ipsilateral side

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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