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Head and Neck > General Organisation and Major Muscles > Flashcards

General Organisation and Major Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles in the face split into?

A

Muscles of mastication and muscles of facial expression

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2
Q

What type of muscles are the muscles of facial expression?

A

Dilators/sphincters

-round

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3
Q

Where do muscles of facial expression attach?

A

bone, skin, fascia and subcutaneous fat

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Cranial nerve 7

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5
Q

What are the branches of CN7?

A

-Temporal
-Zygotmatic
-Buccal
-Marginal mandibular
-Cervical
(also posterior auricular but doesn’t supply the face)

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6
Q

Why can parotid gland tumours cause issues?

A

CN7 runs close to the parotid gland so if there is a tumour it can compress on the nerve causing weakness and paralysis on that side of the face

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7
Q

Will sensation be affected if there was damage to the facial nerve?

A

No because sensation is supplied by branches of the trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression? (learn what they do too)

A 
Risorius
Orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital)
Occipofrontalis
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Platysma
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9
Q

What is the levator palpebral superiors?

A

supplied by the oculomotor nerve - aids in opening the eye by elevating the eye lid

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10
Q

What do the muscles of mastication do?

A

Open and close the jaw at the TMJ

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11
Q

What is the nervous innervation of the muscles of mastication?

A

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN5)

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12
Q

What does CN5 do?

A

innervates sensation to the face and scalp and a motor function to the mastication muscles

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13
Q

What are the branches of CN5?

A

Va-opthalamic
Vb - maxillary division
Vc - mandibular division

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14
Q

What muscles are the muscles of mastication? (learn their actions too)

A

Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Massester

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the neck?

A 
Platysma
SCM
Trapezius
Suprahyoid muscle
Infrahyoid muscle
Scalene
Omohyoid
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Superior - margin of mandible
Medial - midline of neck
Lateral - SCM

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17
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Inferior - clavicle
Lateral - trapezius
Medial - SCM
Floor - scalene muscles

18
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior - posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Lateral - SCM
Inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid

19
Q

What is in the anterior triangle?

A
  • Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
  • internal jugular vein
  • numerous cranial nerves
20
Q

What is in the carotid triangle?

A
  • hypoglossal and vagus nerves
  • internal jugular vein
  • bifucation of the common carotid artery to the internal and external common carotid arteries
21
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A
  • I SEE 10 CC’s in the IV
  • Internal carotid artery
  • Vagus Nerve
  • Common carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
22
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

A fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding the main vascular components of the neck

23
Q

What is the role of the buccinator?

A

Keeps food from collecting in the oral vestibule when chewing

24
Q

Where does the carotid sheath extends from and to?

A

Extends from the base of the skill where the ICA IJV and vagus nerve have just left the cranial cavity
They extend to the aortic arch where the blood vessels drain into

25
Q

What branch of the trigeminal nerve carries both motor and sensory?

A

The mandibular branch - the other 2 are purely sensory

26
Q

What is the superficial cervical fascia layer?

A

it is just beneath the skin

- loose CT with lots of adipose tissue

27
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia layer contain?

A

Superficial blood vessels - Anterior and External mutual veins

  • cutaneous nerve
  • superficial lymph nodes
  • platysma muscle
28
Q

What is the investing layer?

A

It surrounds the entire neck like a collar

29
Q

What does the investing layer surround?

A

It splits to enclose the SCM, trapezius, submandibular and parotid glands

30
Q

What is the pre-tracehal layer?

A

Musular layer which encloses the infrahyoid muscles and the visceral layer enclosing the thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus

31
Q

What is the pre-vertebral layer?

A

Forms the sheath for vertebral column and muscles associated with it

32
Q

What is the deepest cervical fascia?

A

pre-vertebral layer

33
Q

What do facial layers determine?

A

They determine the direction and extent to which any infection occurring may spread within the neck

34
Q

What do layers of deep cervical fascia allow?

A

allows structures to move and pass over each other with ease and allow easy separation of tissues during surgey

35
Q

What is the retropharyngeal space?

A

deep neck space lying between the prevertebral layer of fascia and the buccopharyngeal fascia

36
Q

What does the retropharyngeal space contain?

A

Contains lymph nodes which drain area of nose, oral cavity and upper pharynx

37
Q

Where does the retropharyngeal space drain into?

A

it extends into the mediastinum so infections can spread into the thorax

38
Q

What infection does this cause?

A

Mediastinitis

39
Q

Who does mediastinitius affect?

A

Normally children under 5

40
Q

What can infection develop into and what are the symptoms?

A

abscess - get a visible bulge, sore throat, can’t swallow, reluctance to move head and neck, high temp

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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