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CFB > Nose, Nasal Cavity And Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Nose, Nasal Cavity And Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bony part of external nose made of?

A

Nasal bones, frontal process of maxilla, nasal part of frontal bone and it’s nasal spine and bone parts of nasal septum

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2
Q

What is the cartilage part of the external nose?

A

5 cartilages - 2 lateral, 2 alar, 1 septal cartilage
2 u-shaped alar cartilages are free and moveable and will dilate or constrict the nares when the muscle is acting on the nose to contract or rekax

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3
Q

What does the nasal cavity open into posteriorly?

A

Nasopharyn through the choanae

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of the nasal cavity?

A

Vestibule - most anterior part, area surrounding the anterior nostrils.
Respiratory region - inferior 2/3
Olfactory region - apex of nasal cavity - superior 1/3

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5
Q

What lines the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

A

Respiratory epithelium, characteristic epithelium of upper respiratory tract
Ciliated pseudostratefied epithelium with goblet cells

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6
Q

Describe the olfactory region of the nasal cavity

A

Lined with olfactory cells with olfactory receptors. Has specialised mucosa that contains the organ of smell. Central processes of olfactory receptor neurones in the olfactory epithelium unite to form the nerve bundles that will pass through the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enters the olfactory bulb for the olfactory nerve CNI.

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7
Q

The nasal mucosa is continuous with all the chambers of which the nasal cavities will communicate. What are these communications?

A

Nasopharynx posteriorly, paranasal sinuses lateral and superiorly, lacrimal sac and conjunctiva superior
U

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8
Q

What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid and body of sphenoid

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9
Q

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Hard palate - palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine

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10
Q

What bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Superior and middle nasal concha (part of ethmoid bone)
Inferior nasal concha
Meatuses between them

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11
Q

What is the function of the concha/turbinate bones?

A

To reduce the speed of airflow and disturb lamina flow to make it more turbulent. Folds increase SA of air so it will spend longer in the nasal cavity and be humidified and filter out dust and bacteria.

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12
Q

What bones make up the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal septum - septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, crest of maxillary bone and crest of palatine bone

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13
Q

What arteries supply the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine artery, anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, greater palatine artery, septal branch of superior labial artery, lateral nasal branches of facial artery

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14
Q

What arteries of the nasal cavity does the ICA give rise to?

A

Ophthalmic artery giving rise to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

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15
Q

What arteries of the nasal cavity does the ECA give rise to?

A

Maxillary artery giving rise to the sphenopalatine artery, and the descending palatine artery which gives rise to the greater palatine artery.
Facial artery which gives rise to the superior labial artery and the lateral nasal branches of facial artery.

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16
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

A region in the anterior part of the nasal septum (medial wall) very rich in capillaries. Made of 5 main arteries - anterior ethmoidal, superior labial, greater palatine, sphenopalatine, posterior ethmoidal

17
Q

Why is epistaxis common in the nose?

A

Nosebleeds due to the rich capillary network of Kiesselbach’s area.

18
Q

What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?

A

Rich pterygoid venous plexus draining the nasal mucosa into the sphenopalatine, facial (into IJV) and ophthalmic veins (into cavernous sinus).
This is how infections from e.g., the ophthalmic region will drain into the cavernous sinus.

19
Q

What does CNV1 supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior and superior part:
Medial wall, lateral wall and septum supplied by the anterior ethmoidal nerve

20
Q

What does CNV2 supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Posterior and inferior part of the nasal cavity:
Nasopalatine nerve to nasal septum; posterolateral branches of greater palatine nerve that will go through the lateral wall

21
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses lined with?

A

Respiratory epithelium

22
Q

Where do the paranasal sinuses open into?

A

The nasal cavity

23
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses

A

Reduce weight of skull
Produce mucus
Increase resonance of voice

24
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?

A

Opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess, located superior to the superior nasal concha (and meatus)

25
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

In the superior meatus are the openings of the posterior ethmoidal cells (inferior to it)

26
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Semilunar hiatus where the opening (from superior to inferior) of the frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and the maxillary sinus are found
Ethmoidal bulla where the middle ethmoidal air cells will open

27
Q

What is found in the inferior meatus?

A

The opening of the nasolacrimal duct. Only structure that will drain here is this duct.

28
Q

Boundaries of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx - between base of skull and uvula
Oropharynx - tip of uvula to tip of epiglottis
Laryngopharynx - tip of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

29
Q

Where is larynx located?

A

Anterior part of neck between C3-C6

30
Q

What colour is the air in CT scans?

A

Black

31
Q

Why is the maxillary sinus clinically important?

A

A root of a tooth can get into the maxillary sinus since the teeth are in very close relation to it.

32
Q

What is the function of the nasal cartilages?

A

Protects the skull by acting as a shock absorber to any trauma of the face.

33
Q

What is the site of opening into nasal cavity of the maxillary sinus?

A

Near top of the base, in centre of semilunar hiatus

34
Q

What is the site of opening into nasal cavity of the frontal sinus?

A

Lateral wall of middle meatus via frontonasal duct

35
Q

What is the site of opening into nasal cavity of the sphenoid sinus?

A

Into roof of nasal cavity via apertures on posterior wall of sphenoethmoidal recess

36
Q

What is the site of opening into nasal cavity of the ethmoidal air cells?

A

Anterior into ethmoidal infundibulum or frontonasal duct
Middle onto ethmoidal bulla
Posterior onto lateral wall of superior nasal meatus

CFB (34 decks)

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