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CFB > Anatomy Of The Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx suspended to?

A

Hyoid bone by the thyroid cartilage by the thryohyoid membrane

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2
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Dilated, cartilganeous framework, superior most assembly of the upper airways. Acts as a sphincter mainly opened and closed by epiglottis. Starts from Nasopharynx and ends inferiorly as the trachea.

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3
Q

Functions of the larynx

A

Conducts air moving from the nasopharynx to the bronchi and lungs
Important for ventilation of gases of the body
Allows air to be vocalised, allowing speech
Prevents substances from entering airways below via the epiglottis

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4
Q

What visceral compartment of the neck is the larynx in and what fascia is it bounded by?

A

Ensheathed with the infrahyoid muscles to form the pre-tracheal plane of the neck
Bounded by pre-tracheal cervical fascia anteriorly
Bounded by buccopharyngeal fascia posteriorly

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5
Q

What are the relations of the larynx?

A

Laterally: carotid sheaths
Anterolaterally: thyroid gland, infrahyoid muscle
Posteriorly: mucous membranes of the pharynx

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6
Q

How does the cartilages, muscles, ligaments, mucosal membranes and hyoid bone relate to the function of the larynx?

A

Cartilages keep it in rigid form
Muscles act on cartilages to modify its aperture
Ligaments strapping for shape
Mucosal membranes and folds for lining and contribute to its air controlling mechanism
Hyoid bone provides superior attachment for raising or depressing the larynx.

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7
Q

What are the cartilages of the larynx?

A

9 - 3 paired and 3 unpaired
3 paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
3 unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

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8
Q

Which cartilages are hyaline and which are not?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid and arytenoids are hyaline
Corniculate and cuneiform are smaller, less important and are yellow elastic cartilages

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9
Q

Anatomy of the thyroid cartilage

A

Has the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
Has superior and inferior thyroid horns allowing it to attach to the hyoid bone above and cricoid cartilage below

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10
Q

How is the epiglottis attached to the larynx?

A

Attached posterior to the thyroid cartilage by the thyroepiglottic ligament.

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11
Q

Describe the anatomy of the cricothyroid?

A

Only cartilage to completely encircle the airways.
2 articular facets on each side:
- superolateral surface for arytenoid cartilage
- lateral surface for medial surface of inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

Arytenoid cartilages of larynx

A

Small paired cartilages. Form part of the larynx to which the vocal cords are attached. They tense the vocal cords and thus aid vocal cord movement. They allow for attachments of muscles, ligaments and mucosal folds.

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13
Q

What are the parts to the internal cavity of the larynx?

A

Supraglottis, glottis, subglottis

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14
Q

What is the supraglottis?

A

Vestibule of the larynx. Boundaries: interior surface of the epiglottis and vestibular folds (false cords)

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15
Q

What is the glottis?

A

Compartment containing the vocal cords/folds.
Glottis = 2 vocal cords and the aperture between them, the rima glottidis

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16
Q

How are the vocal cords moved?

A

By intrinsic muscles of the larynx

17
Q

What is adduction and abduction of vocal cords?

A

Adduction = movement of cords to the midline to close the glottis
Abduction = movements of the cords away from midline to open the glottis

18
Q

What is the subglottis?

A

Inferior to the glottis, down to the lower border of cricoid cartilage

19
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the interior of the larynx?

A

Supraglottic compartment mucosa (including vocal cords) is innervated by the internal laryngeal nerve
Subglottis compartment mucosa is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

20
Q

What are the false and true vocal cords?

A

Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
Vocal ligament and vocalis muscle (true vocal cord)

21
Q

Layers of the vocal cord

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
Reinke’s space
Vocal ligament
Vocalis muscle

22
Q

Muscles causing Adduction and abduction

A

Adduction (closed) - lateral cricoarytenoid
Abduction (open) - posterior cricoarytenoid

23
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Elevators: suprahyoid muscles
Depressors: infrahyoid muscles
Elevators: longitudinal pharynx muscles (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)

24
Q

What do extrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

Move the entire karynx

25
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

Move the vocal cords

26
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Cricothryoid, posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles, arytenoid with its transverse and oblique fibres, thyroarytenoid and its thyroepiglottic components

27
Q

What muscles control the laryngeal inlet?

A

Oblique arytenoid
Aryepiglottic muscle

28
Q

Arterial blood supply of the larynx

A

Superior laryngeal artery (from superior thyroid artery)
Inferior laryngeal artery (from inferior thyroid artery)

29
Q

Venous blood supply to the larynx

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins
(Arterial and venous blood supply accompany the SLN and RLN)

30
Q

What nerve supplies the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid, which is supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
Both are branches of the vagus nerve.

31
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal branch loop?

A

Right - under the subclavian artery
Left - under the aortic arch
It comes back up in the groove between the trachea and oesophagus.

32
Q

What might lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

Hoarseness of voice
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

33
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve split into?

A

Internal branch - pierces the thyroidhyoid membrane
External branch - deep to superior thyroid artery

34
Q

What do abductors, adductors, tensors and relaxers do?

A

Abductors increase opening of the rima
Adductors reduce opening of rima
Tensors increase pitch of voice
Relaxers lower pitch of voice

CFB (34 decks)

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