Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CFB > Bones of Skull I & 2 > Flashcards

Bones of Skull I & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skull

A

Protects brain and special sense organs
Houses upper respiratory and digestive tract
Site of muscle and meninges attachment
Optimum environment to support the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 2 parts make up skull?

A

Skull = cranium + mandible (and TMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the cranium?

A

Cranium = cranial vault/calvaria + fascia skeleton (viscerocranium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the calvaria/cranial vault/Neurocranium?

A

Part where the brain sits in the bony skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the calvaria split into?

A

Calvaria = cranial base + neurocranium proper
There is not physical boundary separating them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What ossification forms the cranial base/chondrocranium?

A

Endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What ossification forms the cranial vault/calvaria/neurocranium?

A

Intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What ossification forms the facial skeleton?

A

Intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many bones make up the skull?

A

8 bones in the neurocranium
14 bones in viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which 8 bones make up the neurocranium? (some are paired)

A

Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are cranial bones held together?

A

By fibrous sutures (immovable symphysis/joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Several sutures meet here making it thin and weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can a knock to the temple cause?

A

Burst the sutures meeting at the pterion and damage the middle meningeal artery
Damage can cause extradural hematoma = serious life threatening bleed between skull and meningeal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the frontal bone develop?

A

As 2 bones before fusing together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are fontanelle?

A

Large membranous unossified gaps of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of fontanelle

A

Allow the fetal head to form through its journey through the birth canal and enable post-natal growth so the brain develops and grows quickly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the anterior fontanelle fuse to form?

A

Bregma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the posterior fontanelle fuse to form?

A

Lambda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do the 2 frontal bones meet?

A

Metotopic suture (usually disappears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When do most fontanelle fuse?

A

In the first year of life

21
Q

What condition can cause incomplete ossification or fusion of fontanelle?

A

Cleidocranial dysostosis
Affects bone and teeth development meaning bones are not hollow. Potentially infused fontanelle and present metotopic suture.

22
Q

Which cranial bones are flat and which are irregular?

A

Irregular: ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal
Flat: frontal, parietal, occipital

23
Q

Structure of the flat bones

A

Inner thin cortical layer, middle diploe spongy layer, outer thick cortical layer
Fairly dense structure to offer protection

24
Q

What is the purpose of the spongy bone in the flat bones?

A

To reduce the weight of the skull and it is a site of haematopoiesis

25
Q

How does cranium thickness vary?

A

Very thick at posterior occipital bone and frontal bone
Very thin at pterion

26
Q

What is the purpose of parietal foramen?

A

Responsible for allowing emissary veins to drain the venous blood from the scalp. Clinically important as they provide a route of infection, but are normally important in keeping the brain cool.

27
Q

Define fissure, foramen, canal, fossa, symphysis

A

Fissure = slit
Foramen = hole
Canal = long conduit in bones
Fossa = a depression or hollow ditch usually filled with an anatomical structure
Symphysis = fibrous joint (same as suture)

28
Q

Different cavities of the cranium

A

Paranasal sinuses
Nasal cavity
Cranial vault/cavity
Ocular orbit
Auditory canal
Oral cavity

29
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa made from?

A

Formed by orbital plate of the frontal bone, lesser wing of sphenoid, ethmoid bone

30
Q

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Mainly formed by sphenoid and temporal bones

31
Q

What makes up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Formed by temporal and occipital bones

32
Q

What are the 14 bones of the viscerocranium?

A

Zombies Like Punching My Very Manly Nose In
Zygomatic (2) Lacrimal (2) Palatine (2) Maxilla (2) Vomer (1) Mandible (1) Nasal (2) Inferior nasal concha (2)

33
Q

What are the exceptions to the viscerocranium developing by intramembranous ossification?

A

The mandible has Meckel’s cartilage within it. Formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
Inferior nasal concha is formed by endochondral ossification

34
Q

Describe the zygomatic bone

A

Bilateral - 2 paired bones
Temporal process of zygomatic bone articulates with the zygomatic process of temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch - masseter attached here
Deep to the zygomatic arch is the temporalis
Forms the inferolateral margin of the orbit
Articulates with the maxilla medially, frontal bone superiorly and temporal bone posteriorly

35
Q

Describe the maxilla

A

Paired left and right bones
Contains maxillary sinus
Contains alveolar process where roots of teeth are held
Forms part of the inferior medial part of the orbit, lateral borders of the nasal cavity, boundaries to the infratemporal fossa
Consists of a body and 4 bony processes - zygomatic, frontal, palatine, alveolar

36
Q

What is the maxillary sinus lined with?

A

Respiratory mucosa

37
Q

Why is the maxillary sinus clinically important?

A

Sinusitis
The roots of maxillary teeth can sometimes if abscess or bad extraction go into the sinus

38
Q

Describe the palatine bone

A

2 paired bones
Forms the hard palate with the maxilla
Horizontal part of palatine forms the posterior aspect of the hard palate
Perpendicular plate forms part of the vertical and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Has pyramidal, orbital and sphenoid all processes

39
Q

Describe the vomer

A

1 unpaired bone
Posterior inferior part of the nasal septum
Articulates with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Found in the mid sagittal line
Free border at the back responsible for separating the posterior nasal apertures
Articular with the sphenoid, maxilla, nasal septal cartilage and palatine bones

40
Q

Describe the inferior nasal concha

A

Lined with mucosal membrane to increase SA for air to be in contact with the mucosa to help moisten and clean air more efficiently.
Most inferior concha
Inferior turbinate bone

41
Q

Describe the nasal bones

A

Bilateral and paired
Makes bridge of nose
Inferior portion forms the superior margin of the nasal aperture

42
Q

Describe the lacrimal bones

A

Bilateral and paired
Small thin and fragile
Medial wall of the orbit
Contains the naso-lacrimal duct in the lacrimal groove where tears leave the orbit and are funnelled into the nasal caviry

43
Q

Describe the mandible

A

Unpaired by does form as 2 joining together at the mandibular symphysis
Lower jaw articulates with the temporal bone at TMJ
Alveolar processes
Attachment for muscles of mastication (all) and muscles of floor of mouth
Important foramina for neurovascular structures

44
Q

What are the most commonly broken bones of the face?

A

Nasal bones
Zygomatic is commonly fracture too due to punches to the face (left more common)

45
Q

What is the Le Fort fracture scale?

A

Fractures of the mid face, involving separation of all or some of the facial bones

46
Q

What must happen for the viscerocranium to be separated from the skull base?

A

Pterygoid plates of sphenoid need to be involved as these connect the mid face to the sphenoid
This is called the pterygomaxillary separation

47
Q

Type I Le Fort fracture

A

Horizontal maxillary fracture:
- separating teeth from upper face
- fracture line passes through alveolar ridge

48
Q

Type II Le Fort fracture

A

Pyramidal:
- fracture passes through lateral walls of the maxillary sinus and affects the orbit and nasal bone
- can pass through nasofrontal suture

49
Q

Type III Le Fort fracture

A

Transverse:
- complete separation of viscerocranium from cranial base
- whole maxilla, zygomatic bones and orbits separated from neurocranium
- danger of CSF leakage though nasal cavity

CFB (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions