Nose Disease Flashcards
aetiology of stuffy nose
A LOT!- allergic rhinitis, infective rhino sinusitis, trauma
s/s of stuffy nose
4S’s: stuffy, smell, snot, snore
unilateral symptoms: always worrying
what is rhinitis
inflammation of nasal mucosa
types of rhinitis
rhinosinusitis (infective)
non-infective: non-allergic (vasomotor rhinitis), allergic (persistent, intermittent)
aetiology of infective rhino sinusitis
viral URTI
aetiology of non-infective rhinitis
allergic: IgE mediated
non-allergic: irritants, vasomotor, gustatory, pharmacological, infection, systemic (GPA), hormonal, atrophic rhinitis
s/s of rhinitis
infective: swelling of mucosa and turbinates, discharge
NI: itchy nose, sneezing, rhinorrhea,congestion, hyposmia
classification used for rhinitis
ARIA: intermittent (s/s <4days in 1 week for <4weeks), persistent (s/s >4days in a week for 4>weeks)
mild, severe
some ix for allergic rhinitis
skin prick, measure IgE (sr RAST test)
mx for rhinitis
infectious: often self resolves, nasal decongestant, analgesia, abx
allergic: antihistamines (cetrizine/loratidine) >topical steroids> TS & AH >immunotherapy
non-allergic vasomotor: topical anticholinergics, allergen avoidance
what is an example of anticholinergic med
ipratorpium
nasal polyps run down
benign bilateral polyps in nose associated to non-allergic asthma
s/s: nasal blockage w/wo change in smell
mx: oral steroids, nasal rinses, > topical steroids > surgery
most important thing to exclude with nasal trauma
septal haematoma
- poses risk of AVN of nasal cartilage and nose collapse
- drain in theatre!
types of nasal trauma…
septal deviation, bony vault fracture, nasal cartilage detachment
