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ENT > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what are some oral infections

A

herpes simplex virus- 1y Gingivostomatitis, cold sores, herpetic whitlow, heprangina

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2
Q

herpes simplex infection…

A

t1 (oral) t2 (genital), transmission is through secretions, swab lesions

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3
Q

HSV complications

A

encephalitis- fever, seizure, low consciousness

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4
Q

HSV pathosequele

A

1y Gingivostomatitis: 1y infection- vesicles around lips, buccal mucosa, hard palate, lymphadenopathy

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5
Q

cold sores are _______ of 1y gingivostomatitis

A

reactivation- reactivated with stress or trauma. mx- acyclovir

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6
Q

what is herpetic whitlow

A

HSV infection of fingers often misdiagnosed as paronychia

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7
Q

herpangina

A

enterovirus infection (coxsackie/ echovirus) that causes fever and papule-vesicular ulcerative oral disease

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8
Q

throat infections

A

tonsillitis, diphtheria, mono, oral thrush

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9
Q

aetiology of tonsillitis

A

bacterial: strep pyogenes (GroupA), Group B strep
viral: EBV
non-infectious irritation

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10
Q

ix for tonsillitis/pharyngitis

A

hx and exam- CENTOR criteria: fever, tonsillar exudates, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, absence of cough

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11
Q

when do you give abx for tonsillitis

A

> 2 of centor criteria (phenoxymethylpenicillin)

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12
Q

complications of tonsillitis

A

OM, peritonsillar abscess (Quincy), parapharyngeal abscess

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13
Q

what can strep pyogenes cause

A

rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

which drug do you withhold with sore throat due to risk of neutropenia

A

DMARDs

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15
Q

what is diphtheria

A

gram +ve bacillus infection

presents with respiratory disease, cutaneous signs

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16
Q

mx for diphtheria

A

antitoxin, penicillin/erythromycin

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17
Q

EBV cause…

A

mononucleosis

18
Q

s/s of mono

A

fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy (may have malaise, lethargy, hepatosplenomegaly)

19
Q

ix of mono

A

IgM for EBV, monospot tests (heterophiles antibodies), LFTs, lymphocytosis

20
Q

T/F: give amoxicillin for mono

A

F: NEVER GIVE AMOXI FOR MONO! gives maculopapular petechial rash

21
Q

some complications of mono

A

inc risk of lymphoma, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, splenic rupture, Upper airway obs

22
Q

oral thrush is caused by..

A

Candida albicans, candida non-albicans

23
Q

who is susceptible to oral thrush

A

immunosuppressed- endogenous

24
Q

s/s and mx of oral thrush

A

white patches on red raw mucosa

miconazole/fluconazole

25
Q

acute otitis media is infection of the _____ ear due to a ____ that spreads via ______ ____

A

middle, URT infection, eustachian tube

26
Q

aetiology/ organisms of OM

A

bacterial: H.influenzae, strep pneumonia, strep pyogenes

viral

27
Q

T/F: lack of breastfeeding and exposure to smoking may be risk factors for ___

A

T: OM

28
Q

s/s of OM

A

earache, fever, tugging at ear, irritability

on otoscopy- bulging opaque TM, child won’t like examination

29
Q

mx of OM

A

80% resolve, amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, erythromycin <2yo

30
Q

what is otitis externa

A

inflammation of external auditory canal

31
Q

comps of OM

A

medially: SN HL, tinnitus, vertigo, facial palsy, nerve palsy
superiorly: brain abscess, meningitis
posteriorly: cavernous sinus thrombosis

32
Q

aetiology of OE

A

swimming, warm/ humid climates, trauma

bacterial: staph a, staph epi, pseudomonas aeruginosa
fungal: aspergillus niger, Candida albicans

33
Q

what are inc risk for aspergillum niger OE and candida OE

A

aspergillus niger: swimming

candida: prolonged abx course

34
Q

s/s of O externa

A

redness, swelling or ear canal- can’t see TM, discharge, pain on moving pinna/ tragus

35
Q

mx for OE

A

topical sfrodex

for fungal- topical clotrimazole

36
Q

main complication of OE

A

necrotising otitis externa- extension of infection into temporal and mastoid bone
s/s: pain, headache, exposed bone in ear canal, ^ CRP

37
Q

sinusitis is…

A

inflammation of the sinuses

aetiology= URTI, allergic rhinitis (organisms same to OM)

38
Q

s/s of sinusitis

A

discomfort over frontal, maxillary sinuses, may have toothache, headache

39
Q

is pt has severe pain and tenderness and purulent discharge from nose then it is a…

A

2y infection following sinusitis

40
Q

mx for sinusitis/ 2y infection

A

self resolves, abx for severe cases-

phenoxymethylpenicillin, doxycycline

ENT (11 decks)

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