Infections Flashcards
what are some oral infections
herpes simplex virus- 1y Gingivostomatitis, cold sores, herpetic whitlow, heprangina
herpes simplex infection…
t1 (oral) t2 (genital), transmission is through secretions, swab lesions
HSV complications
encephalitis- fever, seizure, low consciousness
HSV pathosequele
1y Gingivostomatitis: 1y infection- vesicles around lips, buccal mucosa, hard palate, lymphadenopathy
cold sores are _______ of 1y gingivostomatitis
reactivation- reactivated with stress or trauma. mx- acyclovir
what is herpetic whitlow
HSV infection of fingers often misdiagnosed as paronychia
herpangina
enterovirus infection (coxsackie/ echovirus) that causes fever and papule-vesicular ulcerative oral disease
throat infections
tonsillitis, diphtheria, mono, oral thrush
aetiology of tonsillitis
bacterial: strep pyogenes (GroupA), Group B strep
viral: EBV
non-infectious irritation
ix for tonsillitis/pharyngitis
hx and exam- CENTOR criteria: fever, tonsillar exudates, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, absence of cough
when do you give abx for tonsillitis
> 2 of centor criteria (phenoxymethylpenicillin)
complications of tonsillitis
OM, peritonsillar abscess (Quincy), parapharyngeal abscess
what can strep pyogenes cause
rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
which drug do you withhold with sore throat due to risk of neutropenia
DMARDs
what is diphtheria
gram +ve bacillus infection
presents with respiratory disease, cutaneous signs
mx for diphtheria
antitoxin, penicillin/erythromycin
EBV cause…
mononucleosis
s/s of mono
fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy (may have malaise, lethargy, hepatosplenomegaly)
ix of mono
IgM for EBV, monospot tests (heterophiles antibodies), LFTs, lymphocytosis
T/F: give amoxicillin for mono
F: NEVER GIVE AMOXI FOR MONO! gives maculopapular petechial rash
some complications of mono
inc risk of lymphoma, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, splenic rupture, Upper airway obs
oral thrush is caused by..
Candida albicans, candida non-albicans
who is susceptible to oral thrush
immunosuppressed- endogenous
s/s and mx of oral thrush
white patches on red raw mucosa
miconazole/fluconazole
acute otitis media is infection of the _____ ear due to a ____ that spreads via ______ ____
middle, URT infection, eustachian tube
aetiology/ organisms of OM
bacterial: H.influenzae, strep pneumonia, strep pyogenes
viral
T/F: lack of breastfeeding and exposure to smoking may be risk factors for ___
T: OM
s/s of OM
earache, fever, tugging at ear, irritability
on otoscopy- bulging opaque TM, child won’t like examination
mx of OM
80% resolve, amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, erythromycin <2yo
what is otitis externa
inflammation of external auditory canal
comps of OM
medially: SN HL, tinnitus, vertigo, facial palsy, nerve palsy
superiorly: brain abscess, meningitis
posteriorly: cavernous sinus thrombosis
aetiology of OE
swimming, warm/ humid climates, trauma
bacterial: staph a, staph epi, pseudomonas aeruginosa
fungal: aspergillus niger, Candida albicans
what are inc risk for aspergillum niger OE and candida OE
aspergillus niger: swimming
candida: prolonged abx course
s/s of O externa
redness, swelling or ear canal- can’t see TM, discharge, pain on moving pinna/ tragus
mx for OE
topical sfrodex
for fungal- topical clotrimazole
main complication of OE
necrotising otitis externa- extension of infection into temporal and mastoid bone
s/s: pain, headache, exposed bone in ear canal, ^ CRP
sinusitis is…
inflammation of the sinuses
aetiology= URTI, allergic rhinitis (organisms same to OM)
s/s of sinusitis
discomfort over frontal, maxillary sinuses, may have toothache, headache
is pt has severe pain and tenderness and purulent discharge from nose then it is a…
2y infection following sinusitis
mx for sinusitis/ 2y infection
self resolves, abx for severe cases-
phenoxymethylpenicillin, doxycycline
