ENT EMERGENCIES Flashcards
nasal fracture should be reviewed in __ to __ days, and digital manipulation should be within __ weeks
5-7 days after event, < 3weeks
epistaxis management
pinch soft cartilaginous bit, nasal packing
if bleeding not contained consider arterial ligation (usually sphenopalatine), revere anticoags give tranexamic acid
why do CSF leaks occur
most commonly due to cribiform plate fracture
mx of nasal trauma
always check for nasal haematoma, ABCDE
pinna haeamtoma mx
drain, aspirate, head bandage, pressure dressing
give __ with an ear laceration
abx
temporal bone fracture s/s
battle sign*, check hearing due to TM/ ear canal damage, VII facial palsy, CSF leak
classification of temporal bone fracture
longitudinal, transverse, otic capsule involvement?
difference between longitudinal and transverse fracture
longitudinal: lateral blow, bleeding from External ear, conductive hearing loss
transverse: worse, frontal blows, can cross IAM, CSF leak
mx of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
steroids and intratmpanic mx
which FBs must you ALWAYS remove
button batteries
classification of neck trauma
zone1: from cricoid>clavicle
zone2: cricoid>hyoid
zone3: cricoid>skull base
mx of neck trauma
ABCDE, explore if signs of major bleed/airway crisis
deep neck space infection rundown
spread from other infection
sore throat, unwell- fever etc, limited neck movement, trismus
mx: IV abx, fluids
2 types of facial trauma
blow-out fracture, mid facial fracture
blow out fracture…
pain, dec visual acuity, diplopia, bony step felt at orbital rim
ix: tear crop sign on CT
mx: surgical repair
mid facial fracture types
le fort 1, le fort 2, le fort 3
the _____ _______ is the mathematical number for beauty
the divine proportion
what is a contraindication for rhinoplasty
recent changes to mental health
otoplasty does what
pins ears back
when do you do an otoplasty
kid >6- underdeveloped anti helical fold, prominent concha
what are some things that cause ageing
dec elastin and collagen, inc biological ageing of cells, thin skin, dec melanocytes
what is the ENT surgical reconstruction ladder
2y intention > 1y intention > delayed primary closure (stitches) > skin graft > tissue expansion > local tissue transfer > free tissue transfer
split thickness skin grafts have to go on ______ tissue, covers ___ area of skin
vascularised, large
full-thickness skin graft is good as it retain ____ and _____
volume and pigmentation
cleft lip is a gap in the upper lip/ roof of mouth resulting in an abnormal connection between ___ and ____
nose and mouth
