Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which 2 vertebrae are different

A

C1- no vertebral body, occipital condyles

C2- bifid spinous process, odontoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

know the foramens

A

inc jugular, ovale, rotundum, magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what passes through jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function and structure of external ear

A

collects sound waves and funnels them towards middle ear

auricle, EAM, tympanic membrane, pinna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innervation of external ear

A

helix- C2,C3
internal helix- CN V3
EAM- upper CN VII, lower CN X
ear lobe- C2, 3 (greater auricular nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of middle ear

A

conduct sounwaves in air towards fluid filled cavities of inner ear via bones- ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

structure of middle ear

A

temporal bone, ossicles (maleolus, incus, stapes), 2 synovial joints, 2 muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the posterior wall of middle ear

A

epitympanic recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the skeletal muscles of middle ear

A

tensor tympani muscle: dampens malleus- CN V3

stapedius muscle: reduces vibrations of stapes on oval window- CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is CN VII’s journey

A

leaves at pons> IAM > ear > through temporal bone and then splits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the sensation aspect of CN VII

A

chorda tympani conveys taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PS secretomotor function of CN VII

A

to submandibular, sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

somatic motor function of CN VII?

A

muscles of facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the 6 branches of CN VII are…

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is eustachian tube’s function?

A

equalises pressure between middle ear and nasopharynx. CN IX sensory nerve supply. may spread infection e.g.. tonsillitis > OM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve run down

A

leaves at oblongata > jugular foramen > enters parapharyngeal space and lies on stylopharngeal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sensation of CN IX

A

middle ear, Eustachian tube, nano/oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

somatic motor of CN IX

A

stylopharyngeus muscle, posterior 1/3rd of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PS secretomotor function of CN IX

A

parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 layers of inner ear

A

otic capsule, bony lap (perilymph- cochlea and vestibule), membranous labyrinth (ducts suspended in bony lab- endolymph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cochlear apparatus

A

hair cells in organ of corti, cochlear ducts suspended by spiral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hair cells…

A

convey fluid motion into neural stimuli > travel along cochlear nerve (CN VIII branch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

vestibular apparatus…

A

semi-circular canal (detect angular movement), vestibule (trice and saccule- detect linear), hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hair cells in VA

A

found at maculae of utricle and saccule and ampullae of SC ducts, covered in crystals (otoconia) > travel along vestibular nerve (CN VIII)

25
Q

where does CN VIII (vestibulocohlear nerve) divide

A

once entered the ear

26
Q

function of cochlear apparatus

A

hearing: TM vibrates > ossicles > stapes on oval window > pressure waves in perilymph > hair cells in cochlear generate AP > cochlear nerve (CN VIII)

27
Q

function of vestibular apparatus

A

balance: hair cells stimulated by movement of andolymph

28
Q

Internal acoustic meatus joins into where

A

lies in temporal bone and connects inner ear to posterior cranial fossa (CN VIII, CN VII< labyrinthine artery and vestibular ganglion)

29
Q

nasal cavity

A

nose- 2 osseocartilaginous cavities- paranasal sinuses, lacrimal sac, nasopharynx

30
Q

what are conchae and meatuses

A

conchae- make hair turbulent to allow more time for it to be cleaned
spaces above and below conchae are meatuses

31
Q

what are the conchae and their corresponding meatuses

A 
sphenoethmoidal recess
superior nasal conchae 
superior meatus 
middle nasal conchae 
middle meatus 
inferior nasal conchae 
inferior meatus
32
Q

name the arteries of the nose and the plexus that is susceptible to epistaxis

A

internal carotid artery > anterior ethmodial & posterior ethmoidal artery
external carotid > sphenopalatine artery, greater palatine artery
external carotid > lateral nasal artery, superior labial artery

kisselback’s plexus (in Little’s area)- made up of anterior, posterior ethmoidal cells, spehnopalatine and greater palatine artery, superior labial artery

33
Q

how many paranasal sinuses are there and what is their function

A

4 pairs- reduce weight of skull & assist in vocal resonance

34
Q

what drains into which sinuses

A

sphenoethmodial recess> sphenoid sinus
superior meatus> posterior ethmoidal air cells
middle meatus> ethmoidal air cells
nasolacrimal duct> inferior meatus

35
Q

what are 2 regions of oral cavity

A

oral vestibule and oral cavity proper (from external surface of teeth to oropharynx)

36
Q

tongue innervation

A

posterior 1/3rd= CN IX
anterior 1/3rd=
- CN VII= taste
- CN V3= general sensory

37
Q

which is the only taste bud not for taste

A

filiform- touch, temp

38
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

food in mouth: obicularis oris, buccinator
open: lateral pterygoid
close mouth: medial pterygoid, massteter, temporalis

39
Q

arterial supply of head and neck

A

cranial cavity: internal carotid artery, vertebral artery

face: ICA & ECA
neck: ECA & subclavian artery

40
Q

venous drainage of head and neck

A

follow arteries- all ultimately drain into internal jugular vein

41
Q

T/F: parasympathetic nerve fibres synapse early and have long course to target organ

A

F: PS have ganglion close to target organ
S synapse at sympathetic chain and then have long journey to organ
sensory innervation has 1st, 2nd, 3rd order neurones with 2nd order Ns synapsing at thalamus

42
Q

where do supra-glottic tumours drain into

A

cervical LNs, sub-glottic tumours drain to paratracheal nodes

43
Q

what are the longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus

44
Q

what are circular muscles of pharynx

A

constrictor muscles (sup, middle, inf)

45
Q

what are the 3 protective mechanisms of the pharynx

A

Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring (pharyngeal, tubal, lingual, palatine), salivary glands (parotid, submand, sublingual), gag reflex

46
Q

larynx is at the _____ spinal level

A

C4-C6, made up of 9 cartilage rings suspended from hyoid- mainly hyaline. also has arytenoid cartilage with conriculate cartilage. 2 joints (cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid)

47
Q

innervation of larynx

A

above vocal folds > internal laryngeal nerve
mucosa below vocal folds> inferior laryngeal nerve
muscles- recurrent laryngeal nerve (except cricothryoid- superior LN)

48
Q

where does inferior laryngeal nerve originate from

A

CN X> recurrent laryngeal nerve > inferior LN

49
Q

what is main CN innervation of throat

A

CN X

50
Q

sub glottal pressure causes air to cross vocal cords = vibration. laryngeal muscles (CN X) change way of speech

A

inc pitch= cricothyroid
dec pitch= thyroarytenoid
aDduction= arytenoid
aBduction= posterior cricoarytenoid

51
Q

3 phases of swallowing- oral, pharyngeal, oesophageal… describe these

A

Oral: mastication (CN V3, CN VII, CN XII, CN X)

pharyngeal: bolus to oropharynx, hyolaryngeal elevation
oesophageal: once UOS opens bolus passes into stomach

52
Q

what triggers gag reflex?

A

posterior 3rd of tongue, palatine tonsils, wall of oropharynx (CN IX)

53
Q

innervation of laryngeal nerves

A

CN X- constrictors

CN IX and X- longitudinal muscles

54
Q

what are the main components of the embryo head and neck that go on to form many structures

A

arches, pouches, clefts

55
Q

how many arches are there and what they go on to form

A

1st arch- maxillary (maxilla, zygomatic bone), mandibular (mandible, incus/ malleus, temporal bone)
2nd- stapes, upper hyoid
3rd- lower hyoid
4th-6th- laryngeal cartilage

56
Q

cranial nerves and arches

A

1st arch- CN V
2nd arch- CN VII
3rd arch- CN IX
4-6- CN X

57
Q

what is a pathology from pharyngeal cleft malformation

A

cervical cyst

58
Q

how does cleft lip form

A

malunion between inter maxillary process and palate shelves

ENT (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions