Normal Pregnancy Flashcards
What happens to blood pressure during pregnancy?
systolic stays same mostly
diastolic is reduced in first two trimesters then returns to normal
The enlarged uterus can affect venous return, causing what?
varicose veins
ankle oedema
postural hypotension
What happens to stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output?
increase
What happens to pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume?
increase
What happens to BMR?
increases
What changes are there in the blood?
- blood volume increases, Hb concentration decreases
- increase in clotting factors and reduction of fibrinolysis, so increased risk of thromboembolism
- Platelets are reduced, WCC and ESR increased
How is due date calculated?
first day of LMP + 9 months + 7 days
What does Down’s syndrome screening involve?
US for nuchal thickness
Serum b-HCG
PPA
What further tests can be done for Down’s screening and when?
Amniocentesis 15 weeks
chorionic villus sampling at 12 weeks
Miscarraige rate for amniocentesis?
1%
Miscarraige rate for chorionic villus sampling?
2%
When should women be screened for anaemia?
booking and at 28 weeks
Should iron supplements be offered to all women?
no
Should folic acid be taken by all women?
yes - 400mcg from before conception to 12 weeks
Purpose of folic acid?
reduce risk of neural tube defects
Who need to take 5mg of folic acid?
Women who:
- (or their partner) have a neural tube defect
- have had a previous baby with a neural tube defect
- (or their partner) have a family history of neural tube defects
- have diabetes
- have epilepsy
What vitamins should/shouldn’t be advised in pregnancy?
Vit D - yes
Vit A -NO
Example of neural tube defect?
spina bifida
Which bacterial infection can be caused by dodgy milk, soft cheese, pate etc (hence why these things should be avoided in pregnancy)?
listeriosis
What can raw eggs/meat lead to?
salmonella
Women at high risk of pre eclampsia should be given what?
aspirin 75mg from 12 weeks to birth
Abdominal trauma in pregnancy, women should have what?
rhesus testing asap
Brisk reflexes are commonly associated with what?
pre eclampsia
Which is commonly screened for, Hep B or C?
Hep B