Cervical Abnormalities

Question 1

What type of cancer does cervical tend to be?

Answer 1

squamous (80%)

adenocarcinoma (20%)

Question 2

What type of cancer does screening prevent?

Answer 2

squamous

Question 3

Which HPV types are key risk factors?

Answer 3

6,18,33

Question 4

Why is HPV a risk factor?

Answer 4

produces oncogenes which inhibit tumour suppressor genes

Question 5

Give other risk factors of cervical cancer apart from HPV

Answer 5

smoking, COCP, high parity, HIV,many sexual partners

Question 6

By how much does smoking increase risk of cervical cancer?

Answer 6

2 fold

Question 7

What is the normal screening programme for cervical cancer?

Answer 7

25-49 - 3 yearly

50-64 - 5 yearly

Question 8

What is the screening for people with HIV?

Answer 8

annually

Question 9

What does screening involve?

Answer 9

liquid based cytology smears

Question 10

What should be done if the screen shows borderline/mild dyskaryosis?

Answer 10

if + HPV, colposcopy

if - HPV, go back to normal screening

Question 11

Moderate, severe, or suspected cancer?

Answer 11

colposcopy

Question 12

What is an ectroption?

Answer 12

area of cervical erosion on transitional zone

high oestrogen levels cause more columnar epithelium than normal

Question 13

How should an ectropion be treated?

Answer 13

cold coagulation IF troublesome symptoms