Normal Pancreas Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

What are the 3 major types of cells in the islets and what hormone do they release?

Answer 1

Alpha, glucagon
Beta, insulin
Delta, somatostatin

Question 2

What is the trigger for insulin release from the beta cells and what is the specific transporter used?

Answer 2

Glucose. GLUT2.

Question 3

What type of hormone is insulin and what are three major effects?

Answer 3

Major anabolic hormone.

Glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipogenesis.

Question 4

What glucose transporter takes in glucose into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

Answer 4

GLUT 4

Question 5

Explain the processing of insulin?

Answer 5

Proinsulin is cleaved to form insulin and c peptide.

C peptide is a marker for endogenous insulin.

Question 6

What do incretins do?

Answer 6

They respond to oral glucose being consumed and increase/stimulate the secretion of insulin to a greater effect.

Question 7

Major function of glucagon and what two ways does it accomplish its function?

Answer 7

Elevate blood glucose by breaking down glycogen and lipoylsis

Question 8

Somatostatin inhibits what two things in relation to blood sugar?

Answer 8

Insulin and glucagon

Question 9

What do D1 cells secrete?

Answer 9

VIP