Normal Flora and Biofilms Flashcards
How many times more microbial genes are there that human genes
300X more
Ratio of Anaerobes to Aerobes in the human body
1000:1
Number of bacteria in the human mouth and gut, respectively.
10^9th, 10^9-10^11, per gram of tissue or fluid
What is the taxonomic rank?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
2 predominant bacterial phylum in human gut:
Bacteriodetes (48%) and Firmicutes (51%)…small percentage of proteobacteria
3 sources of gut microbes at birth:
1) Mother’s gut
2) Vaginal Canal
3) Placenta and Amniotic Fluid
4) Breast milk
What detrimental effect can antibiotics have on healthy gut flora?
They clear spaces for pathogens
Clostridium Difficil
Antibiotics wipe out normal gut flora and allow this bacteria to vegetate
4 major functions of gut microbiome:
1) Help digest food
2) Produce vitamin B and K
3) Occupy niches and exclude pathogens
4) Train immune systems
Normal flora on skin
Staphylococcus epidermis
Normal flora on nose
S. Aureus
Normal flora in vagina
Lactobacillus Species
Gram+ Flora in GI tract
Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes
Other flora in GI tract
E. Coli and Clostridium
mucoid colonies
Have polysaccharide capsule
