Antivirals

Question 1

List the antiviral agents for herpesvirus:

Answer 1

Acyclovir, Gancyclovir,

Question 2

List the antiviral agents for Influenza:

Answer 2

Adamantanes (Amantidine, Rimantidine)

Neuraminidase Inhibitor (oseltamivir- tamiflu) (Zanamivir, Relvenza)

Question 3

What does Acyclovir treat and what is it’s mechanism of action?

Answer 3

It treats HSV 1 and 2, Varicella Zoster

Mechanism: Acts as an analog of deoxyguiansine, but lacks -OH
So…it acts as a chain terminator

Question 4

Does Acyclovir have greater affinity for host or viral polymerase?

Answer 4

It has greater affinity for viral polymerase

Question 5

Describe why Acyclovir has less cellular toxicity.

Answer 5

It is highly specific to HSV infected cell. It must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to enter cell. It also has greater affinity for viral polymerase.

Question 6

What does Ayclovir mainly treat?

Answer 6

HSV1 and 2, and VZV.

Question 7

What are the pro-drugs that increase bio-availability for Acycyclovir?

Answer 7

Valcyclovir an Famyclovir.

They are pro-drugs because they need to be converted by an enzyme before becoming active.

a drug BECOMES a pro-drug when it has been modified in the body. not before.

Question 8

What does Gancyclovir treat and and what is the mechanism of action?

Answer 8

It treat Cytomegalovirus (usually severe cases)

It inhibits CVM replication

Question 9

What is the pro-drug of Gancyclovir?

Answer 9

Valganyclovir– better bioavailability

Question 10

What are 2 ways that a HSV can become resistant to the cyclovirs

Answer 10

1) Alter the target (DNA polymerase)

2) Alter the enzyme that converts it to a pro-drug (thymidine kinase)

Question 11

What are important elements of the Influenza virus

Answer 11

Enveloped virus is segmented RNA

Question 12

What is the role of Hemgluattin in Influenza?

Answer 12

Crucial in binding to receptor for entry into the cell

Question 13

What are the drugs that disrupt Hemagluttanin unbinding?

Answer 13

Neuraminidase Inhibitors work by stopping neuraminidase from cleaving hemaglutanine for the release of the new virus.

Question 14

What are the generic names from the neuramiddase inhibitors?

Answer 14

Oseltamivir (Tamilflu)- against Inf. A

Zanamivir (Relenza)- Against A and B

Question 15

Name the major antivirals for influenza

Answer 15

-Adamantanes
(Amandatadine and Rimantidne)

-Neuraminidase Inhibitors (Oseltamivir and Zamaivir)

Ribavirin

Question 16

______ interfere with the M2 proteins to stop the virus from being released once in the cell

Answer 16

Adamantanes (Amantidine and Rimantidines)

Question 17

What does Ribavirin treat and what is its mechanism of action?

Answer 17

It is a nucleoside analog- disrupts DNA synthesis

Can treat influenza, in addition to other viruses

Question 18

Name the 4 classes of anti-retrovirals and how they work.

Answer 18

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor: stops reverse transcription

• Protease Inhibitors: stops cleavage of viral proteins
• Fusion Inhibitors: stop the fusion of the virion in the cell

Integrase Inhibitor: stops the integration of viral dna into host genome