Fungi and Antifungals Flashcards
What is a yeast?
Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding
usull
What are Molds?
Molds are longer multicellular organisms
Can be septate hyphae (segmented)
A septate (non-segmented)
________ are exo spores that are metabolically inert. These structures cannot reproduce but must germinate into yeasts or molds.
Conidia
What is dimorphism in fungi?
Dimorphic fungi exist in hyphea states at lower temperatures and as yeasts in human body temperatures
Hyphae can release spores into the enviroment that are inhaled and germinate into yeast in the body
How is a yeast cell similar to a bacteria cell?
Both can have capsule that lead to diseases such an meningitis and pneumonia.
How do yeast cells replicate?
Mitosis, as well as budding
What are the medically important molds?
A..to Z!
- Aspergillis (septate hyphae)
- Zygomycetes (Mucor) (form aseptate hyphae)
Which type of mold forms aseptate hyphe)
Zygomycetes
What are the medically important yeasts?
Candida
List the 4 key fungal cell structures:
1) Cell membrane contains:_______
2) Cell wall is composed of:_______ and ________
3) Surface glycoproteins contain:__________
1) Ergosterol (similar to cholesterol)
2) Chitin and Beta Glucans
3) Mannose-containing surface proteins- signals to host immune system
What are the three major classes of antufungals?
1) Polyenes (amphtericin B) and Azoles
2) Echinocandins
3) Flucytosine
_____ inhibit Ergosterrol production in fungi.
Azoles
What is the mechanism of action for Amphotericin B and Azoles, respectively?
Both act on ergosterol
Polyenes poke hold inte the membrane of fungi
Azole disrupt Ergsterol production
What is the name of the drugs class that targets replication of fungal DNA
Flucytosine (5-FC)
______ inhibit Beta Glucan
Echinocandins inhibit beta glucan synthesis in candida
What are the opportunistic fungi (only affect immunocompromised patients):
Candida albicans, Mucor
Germs tube arise in..?
Candida
Which endemic fungis is associated with bat guano in us and africa?
Histoplasma Capsulatum, middle america, other parts of the world
Describe where and through what media you would acquire Blastomyces dermatitidis?
In the North East, associated with soil
Where would you acquire Coccidiodes immitus?
Found in the south east, a dimorphic fungi
List the 3 endemic fungi, true, thermally dipmorphic fungi?
HBC!!
think historically black colleges
1) Histoplasma Capsulatum (HC)
2) Blastomyces Dermatitidis (BD)
3) Coccidiodes Immitus
