Fungi and Antifungals

Question 1

What is a yeast?

Answer 1

Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding

usull

Question 2

What are Molds?

Answer 2

Molds are longer multicellular organisms

Can be septate hyphae (segmented)

A septate (non-segmented)

Question 3

________ are exo spores that are metabolically inert. These structures cannot reproduce but must germinate into yeasts or molds.

Answer 3

Conidia

Question 4

What is dimorphism in fungi?

Answer 4

Dimorphic fungi exist in hyphea states at lower temperatures and as yeasts in human body temperatures

Hyphae can release spores into the enviroment that are inhaled and germinate into yeast in the body

Question 5

How is a yeast cell similar to a bacteria cell?

Answer 5

Both can have capsule that lead to diseases such an meningitis and pneumonia.

Question 6

How do yeast cells replicate?

Answer 6

Mitosis, as well as budding

Question 7

What are the medically important molds?

A..to Z!

Answer 7

• Aspergillis (septate hyphae)

- Zygomycetes (Mucor) (form aseptate hyphae)

Question 8

Which type of mold forms aseptate hyphe)

Answer 8

Zygomycetes

Question 9

What are the medically important yeasts?

Answer 9

Candida

Question 10

List the 4 key fungal cell structures:

1) Cell membrane contains:_______
2) Cell wall is composed of:_______ and ________
3) Surface glycoproteins contain:__________

Answer 10

1) Ergosterol (similar to cholesterol)
2) Chitin and Beta Glucans
3) Mannose-containing surface proteins- signals to host immune system

Question 11

What are the three major classes of antufungals?

Answer 11

1) Polyenes (amphtericin B) and Azoles
2) Echinocandins
3) Flucytosine

Question 12

_____ inhibit Ergosterrol production in fungi.

Answer 12

Azoles

Question 13

What is the mechanism of action for Amphotericin B and Azoles, respectively?

Answer 13

Both act on ergosterol

Polyenes poke hold inte the membrane of fungi

Azole disrupt Ergsterol production

Question 14

What is the name of the drugs class that targets replication of fungal DNA

Answer 14

Flucytosine (5-FC)

Question 15

______ inhibit Beta Glucan

Answer 15

Echinocandins inhibit beta glucan synthesis in candida

Question 16

What are the opportunistic fungi (only affect immunocompromised patients):

Answer 16

Candida albicans, Mucor

Question 17

Germs tube arise in..?

Answer 17

Candida

Question 18

Which endemic fungis is associated with bat guano in us and africa?

Answer 18

Histoplasma Capsulatum, middle america, other parts of the world

Question 19

Describe where and through what media you would acquire Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Answer 19

In the North East, associated with soil

Question 20

Where would you acquire Coccidiodes immitus?

Answer 20

Found in the south east, a dimorphic fungi

Question 21

List the 3 endemic fungi, true, thermally dipmorphic fungi?

HBC!!
think historically black colleges

Answer 21

1) Histoplasma Capsulatum (HC)
2) Blastomyces Dermatitidis (BD)
3) Coccidiodes Immitus