Normal Development Flashcards
What is the Moro reflex?
When you support head and ‘drop’ baby the arms should extent and abduct
At what age would you expect a child to walk?
12 months should be walking
18 months worry
At what age should the Moro reflex disappear?
Between 4-6 months
When should the parachute reflex appear?
9 months
What is the parachute reflex?
When does this appear?
Put arms out in front when falling forwards
5-6 months
At what age should children be able to sit without support?
6-8 months
At what age should nocturnal enuresis stop?
Age 3-4 years ond
How common is enuresis in olde children?
10% at age 5
5% at age 10
1% of teenagers
By what time have 95% of infants passed meconium?
48 h
By that time after birth have 95% of infants micturated?
24 h
What percentage of birthweight is is normal to lose after birth?
And what is abnormal?
5% normal
10% abnormal
When should babies re gain weight if the have lost weight after birth?
Bottle fed babies in 10 days
Breast fed by 3 weeks?
What are the 4 categories of child development?
Gross motor
Fine motor
Speech and language
Social
What category does vision fit into in child development?
Fine motor
What category does hearing fit into in child development?
Speech and language
What is the normal age range to start walking?
11-18 months
What age is a neonate?
0-1 month
What age is an infant?
1month to 1 year
What is the palmer reflex and when should it disappear?
When you stroke baby’s palm and it closes
Disappear at 3-4 months
What is the rooting reflex? When should it disappear by?
This should also disappear at the same time as sucking reflex
Stroke cheek and baby’s mouth opens and moves towards it
6-8 weeks
What is the lateral propping reflex?
When does this appear?
When sitting if you push the baby over they will put their arm out to prevent fall
7 months
What is the most common cause of failure to thrive?
Environmental deprivation/ undernutrition
What else can cause failure to thrive?
GORD Coeliac disease CF Cardiac disease Renal failure
What is patau syndrome?
Trisomy 13
What is Edwards syndrome?
Trisomy 18
What features are seen in Down’s syndrome?
Prominent epicanthal folds Single palmer crease Up slanting palpable fissures Protruding tongue Flat head Flat nasal bridge Decreased muscle tone Large sandal gap
What is the mechanism behind congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
Enzyme deficiency resulting in decreased cortisol which stimulate the pituitary to produce ACTH causing overproduction of adrenal androgens
How common is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
1:5000
At what age does a salt losing crisis occur in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
1-3 weeks
Where in the body are the testicles formed?
From the urogenital ridge near the kidneys
What is the tissue that giude the testes down?
What tissue travels ahead?
Gubernaculum Processus vaginalis (part of peritoneum)
Failure of the of the processus vaginalis to obliterate after birth may cause what?
Inguinal hernia
Hydrocele
How common is an Inguinal hernia in boys?
1:50
How do Inguinal hernias present?
Intermittent swelling of the groin or scrotum
Or crying when straining / coughing
Or as irreducible lump in the scrotum in infant with crying and vomiting
