Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

0
Q

How common in cerebral palsy?

A

2:1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

Disorder of movement and posture due to a non-progressive lesion of the motor pathways in the developing brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three categories of the causes of cerebral palsy?

A

Antenatal -80%
Intrapartum (during birth)-10%
Post-natal- 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three types of cerebral palsy?

A

Spastic
Ataxic hypertonic
Dyskinetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In spastic cerebral palsy what is the difference between diplegia and hemiplegia?

A

Diplegia - All 4 limbs affected but the legs are worse

Quadriplegia- all 4 limbs to a similar degree.. But arms may be worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cause of ataxic hypotonic cerebral palsy?

A

Genetic cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An infant presents with floppiness, delayed motor development with abnormal movements. No cognitive delay. What type of cerebral palsy do they have?

A

Dyskinetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A child had poor balence, delayed motor, poor coordination that is symmetrical. What type of cerebral palsy?

A

Ataxic hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There is a history of birth asphyxia, what type of cerebral palsy?

A

Spastic - quadriplegic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A child with fisting of the left hand, with pronated flexed forearm?

A

Spastic - hemiplegic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cardinal sign that difderentiate a headache from a space occupying lesion (ie tumour)?

A

If space occupying lesion the head ache will be worse when lying flat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is benign raised ICP?

A

Raised ICP without a space occupying lesion caused by blockage of the CSF system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the likelyhood the febrile seizures will recurr?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a non-paralytic squint (concomitant)..

A

Both eyes have full range of movement but one is directed off centre at a constant angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a paralytic squint (incomitant)

A

Where the squint only becomes apparent when the eye is moving with the help of the extra ocular muscle that supplies that direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Failure of the immature neuroretina to develop during early childhood

16
Q

What are the causes of amblyopia?

A

Visual deprivation

Squint in childhood

17
Q

What is a latent squint?

A

Mild heterophoria - a squint that can sometimes be seen when someone is looking into the distance or day dreaming

18
Q

At what age should intermittent squints disappear?

A

3 months eyes should be fully aligned

19
Q

What is the difference between a trophia and a phoria?

A

Eye misalignment that is present all the time (trophia) or some of the time (phoria)

20
Q

How do brain tumours in children present?

A 
Signs or raised ICP so 
Headache 
Blurred vision 
Cranial never palsies (squint) 
Vomiting in morning
21
Q

What signs might suggest raised ICP?

A

Pappiloedema
Hypertension
Brady cardia

22
Q

With a brain tumour when are the headaches worse?

A

When lying down
In the morning
Can wake up at night

23
Q

Is having a headache an indication for neuro imaging?

A

No just a headache but if it is abnormal or accompanied with nerve palsies

24
Q

What influences the outcome of a brain tumour?

A

Anatomical position

Hisrological subtype

25
Q

What is the most common type of brain tumour in children?

A

Astrocytoma

26
Q

The second most common type is medulloblastoma, how does this present?

A

Ataxia
Headache
Vomiting

27
Q

What brain tumour might present with cranial nerve defects ataxia pyramidal tract signs but no raised ICP?

A

Brain stem glioma

28
Q

What are the two types of dyskinesic cerebral palsy?

A

Dystonic

Choreoathetoid

29
Q

What would ‘involuntary and uncontrollable muscle tone fluctuations sometimes involving whole body’

Dystonic or choreoathetoid?

A

Dystonic

30
Q

What would small rapid irregularly repetitive unwanted movements be?
Choreoathetoid or dystonic?

A

Choreoathetoid

31
Q

What proportion of children have normal intelligence with cerebral palsy?

A

33%

32
Q

In spastic hemiparesis cerebral palsy is the arm or leg more affected?

A

Arm

33
Q

At what stage of sleep do night terrors occur?

A

In non-REM between stage 3 and 4

Where there are delta waves

34
Q

What does the child do in a night terror?

A

Cries and screams and is difficult to wake, they don’t remember their dream

35
Q

How long after sleep does a night terror occur?

A

90 mins

36
Q

At what stage do nightmares occur?

A

Rem sleep

Paediatrics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions