Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Haematology/ Oncology > Flashcards

Haematology/ Oncology Flashcards

0
Q

What are poikilocytes and fragmented res blood cells indicative of?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the most likely cause of iron deficiency anaemia in children?

A

Poor dietary intake combined with excessive cows mild consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What populations is thallasaemia more common in?

A

Asian and Mediterranean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thallasaemia and iron deficiency anaemia both present with microcytic hypochromic RBC’s how can you differentiate?

A

In iron def. anaemia there is low ferritin, in thalasaemia there is normal ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of thalasaemia?

A

Alpha and beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you differentiate between alpha and beta thalassaemia?

A

In beta there is in increase in HbF (fetal haemaglobin) and HbA2 (a normal variant of haemaglobin A)

These are normal or low in alpha thalasaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?

A

Dehydration
Infection
Hypoxia
Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a blood film shows target cells, poikilocytes what might this suggest?

A

Sickle cell anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is sickle cell diagnosed, what test?

A

Haemaglobin electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the commonest haemaglobinopathy?

A

Sickle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What race is sickle cell more common in?

A

West Africans, Afro Caribbeans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does sickle cell crisis present?

A

Painful swelling of hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What malignancies is Epstein Barr virus involved in the pathogenosis?

A

Burkitts lymphoma
Lymphoproliferative disease
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the change in Hb conc in neonates..

A

It is high at birth (particularly after delayed cord clamping) and lowest at age 2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long after birth does a baby have adequate stores of iron?

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What iron supplements are given to children?

A

Sytron (sodium iron edetate)
Niferex ( polysaccharide iron complex)

Ferrous sulphate tastes too bad!

16
Q

How long should iron supplementation be continued for?

A

At least 3 months to replenish stores

17
Q

On iron treatment how quickly should iron levels rise?

A

1 g/dl per week

18
Q

What does G6PD enzyme deficiency cause?

A

Episodes of haemolysis..

Causing neonatal jaundice

19
Q

In children with G6PD deficiency what can precipitate haemolysis?

A

Infection

And maybe drugs

20
Q

In haemophilia A what clotting factor is decreased?

A

Factor 8

21
Q

In haemophilia B what clotting factor is decreased?

A

Factor 9

22
Q

Henoch Schonlein purpurin are related to what other conditions?

A 
Joints 
Kidneys (protein and haematuria)
GI tract (intussception)
23
Q

What kind of patten might you see on a FBC of a child with leukaemia?

A 
Pancytopenia
So 
Low platelet 
Low Hb 
Low WCC (although this could be excessively raised)
24
Q

What is the other name for a nephroblastoma?

A

Wills tumour

25
Q

How might a wills tumour present?

A 
Mostly assymptomatic
Can get
Abdo mass/pain
Haematuria/uti
Hypertension
26
Q

How do you decide whether an anaemia is microcytic or normocytic?

A

Use the mean cell volume

27
Q

What is Coombs test?

What conditions might this be positive in?

A

Measures the presence of IgG on RBCs
Immune related haemolytic anaemia
Haemolytic disease of the newborn

28
Q

In DKA is potassium high or low?

A

High

29
Q

What signs might hyperkalaemia show on an ECG?

A

Widened QRS and peaked T waves

30
Q

What is the inheritance pattern for haemophilia A?

A

X linked recessive

31
Q

Which is more common haemophilia A or B

A

A is more common

32
Q

Which clotting cascade is affected by a deficiency in factor 8 and 9?
How does this affect the prothrombin time?

A

Intrinsic

It doesn’t as this is a measure of the extrinsic pathway

33
Q

When do symptoms of haemophilia usually start?

A

When the child becomes mobile - bleed into joints

Paediatrics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions