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Paediatrics > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

0
Q

What age is transient synovitis most common?

A

3-10 yeah olds

Toddlers and young children

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1
Q

What is transient synovitis?

A

Inflammation of the synovium in the hip following a recent viral infection, may also have joint effusion but this is harmless

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2
Q

How does transient synovitis present differently to septic arthritis?

A

Trans. Synovitis the child is systemically well and probably afebrile

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3
Q

What are the most common bacteria to cause septic arthritis?

A

Staph A

Strep Pyogenes

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4
Q

How do bacteria reach the joint capsule in septic arthritis?

A

Haematogenous spread or through adjacent osteomyelitis

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5
Q

What is arthralgia?

A

Joint pain

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6
Q

What age group does osteomyelitis tend to present?

A

Infants and toddlers

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7
Q

Where in the bone does osteomyelitis commonly affect?

A

Metaphysis

Usually of long bones (femur/tibia)

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8
Q

What condition can predispose to osteomyelitis? What organism may be seen then?

A

Sickle cell disease

Salmonella

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9
Q

What is perthes disease?

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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10
Q

What age group in perthes disease seen in?

A

6-12 yo

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11
Q

What age group does slipped upper femoral epiphysis seen in?

A

10-16 yo

Overweight teenagers

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12
Q

What is reactive arthritis?

A

Sterile Arthritis that occurs after a bacterial or viral infection thought to be autoimmune

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13
Q

What are the two main causes of haemoathrosis in children?

A

Haemophilia and trauma

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14
Q

How many joints does

  • oligoarthritis
  • polyarthritis

affect?

A

Oligo - 4 or less joints

Poly - 5 or more

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15
Q

How longs are symptoms have to last to diagnose JIA?

A

6 weeks

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16
Q

In septic arthritis of the hip what position is the leg commonly in?

A

Flexed that the hip, abducted and externally rotated

17
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

Asymmetry of the skull usually on one side from sleeping position

Resolves in first few years

18
Q

What antibiotics can be used to treat septic arthritis?
How long is the course?
How long IV?

A

IV Cephuroxime or IV flucloxacillin
14 days
At least 3 days IV

19
Q

What are the potential complications of the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

Necrosis of the femoral head

20
Q

In JIA oligoarthritis where elbows and knees are affected what eye condition is associated with this?

A

Anterior uveitis

21
Q

Which JIA is most likely to be associated with ANA?

A

Oligoarthritis

22
Q

Which JIA is more common in girls under the age of 6?

A

Oligoarthritis

23
Q

Which JIA is more common in older girls?

A

Polyarticular

24
Q

What other symptoms would you see in systemic JIA?

A

Fever

Salmon pink rash

25
Q

How long is the fever present in systemic JIA?

A

2 weeks

26
Q

What is affected in enthesitis related arthritis?

A

Inflammation where a tendon or ligament inserts into bone

27
Q

What joint is usually tender in enthesitis?

A

Sacroiliac joint

28
Q

What is the maximum age to be diagnosed with JIA?

A

16

29
Q

What is the most common type of JIA?

A

Oligoarticular

30
Q

How common is JIA?

A

1-2/1000

31
Q

When counting the number of joints affected in JIA what time frame do you use?

A

Within the first 6 months

32
Q

What is a quotidian fever? Which type of JIA is is associated with?

A

A fever that peaks once a day

33
Q

Is JIA more common in females or males?

A

Females

34
Q

Is oligoargicular JIA is it more common the present with stiffness or pain?

A

Stiffness and reduced movements due to a swollen joint

35
Q

Apart from systemic JIA what other JIA might you get fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and serositis?

A

Polyarticular RF positive (5% of JIAs - rf negative is more common)

36
Q

How is JIA diagnosed?

A

It is a clinical diagnosis

37
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus

38
Q

How longs after the onset of osteomyelitis can an X-ray appear normal for?

A

1 week

39
Q

What drug treatment can be given in JIA?

A

NSAIDs for the pain
Intraarticular steroid injections
Systemic steroids

Methotrexate - for multiple joints

40
Q

What non pharmacological management can be used in JIA?

A

Physiotherapy
Physical activity
OT

Paediatrics (12 decks)

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