Gastro Flashcards
Most common cause of gastroenteritis in children?
Rotavirus
Child has gastroenteritis, they are not shocked. How much fluid should you add to their maintainand fluid to account for extra loss?
50mls/kg
And monitor
A child with gastroenteritis develops haemolytic uraemic syndrome, what is the likely microbiological cause?
Ecoli 157
When does GORD normally resolve?
By 12 months
More upright position and more solid food and maturation of LOS.
In what groups of children is serious GORD more common?
Cerebral palsy
Chronic lung disease of prematurity
Surgery for oesophageal atresia or diaphragm hernia.
Most children with GORD do not need investigation unless they are atypical or have complications. WhAt is the best diagnostic test?
24h oesophageal pH monitoring
The cause of colic is often unknown. What could cause it though?
Cows milk intolerance
GORD
At what ages does infusaisception occur?
2months to 2 years
What is constipation?
Passage of hard painful stools
What drugs are stool softeners?
Lactulose, and docusate
What drugs are stimulant laxatives?
Senna or sodium picosulphate
For mild constipation what is first line?
Improve dietary intake of fluid and fibre
What gives red current jelly stool?
Intussception
How do you estimate a child’s weight?
(Age +4) x 2
Viral gastroenteritis symptoms resolve in how many days?
7-10 days
What investigations would you do for recurrent abdominal pain?
FBC/ CRP Coeliac serology Urinalysis and microscopy Stool examination Abdo x ray
Abdo pain with blood in the stool, what are the differentials?
Intussception
IBD
HSP
gastroenteritis
What are the signs or peritonism
Reluctance to move
Guarding
Rigidity
Rebound tenderness
An X-ray shows dilated bowel loops what might the diagnosis be?
Intestinal obstruction
Where is the most common site for intussception?
Ilium into caecum - 75%
What age is intussception most common?
3-24 months
Not really in over 3s
What often precedes intussception?
A viral infection - causing enlarged lymph undoes to become trapped.
Occasionally HSP
Classic presentation of intussception?
Episodic screaming and abdo pain with pallor
Red current jelly stool
Shock and dehydration
Treatment for intussception?
Air enema
If this fails
Larperotomy to manually reduce
How common is acute appendicitis?
3-4:1000
What is toddler diarrhoea?
Persistent chronic diarrhoea in children aged 1-5
Is toddler diarrhoea more common in girls or boys?
Boys
What can stop the diarrhoea in toddlers diarrhoea?
Use full fat milk not skimmed - increase fat in diet
Stop excessive juice drinking
Cut down on fibre
When should colic in infants resolve by?
4 months
What are the differentials for colic?
Intususecption
GORD
cows milk protein intolerance
In persistent colic what treatments can you try?
Attempt a cows milk free diet or anti reflux therapy to see if these are actually the cause..
What is infant colic?
Paroxysmal inconsolable crying accompanied by drawing of knees up
More frequent in the evening
What is the cause of Colic?
They don’t know
