Gastro

Question 0

Most common cause of gastroenteritis in children?

Answer 0

Rotavirus

Question 1

Child has gastroenteritis, they are not shocked. How much fluid should you add to their maintainand fluid to account for extra loss?

Answer 1

50mls/kg

And monitor

Question 2

A child with gastroenteritis develops haemolytic uraemic syndrome, what is the likely microbiological cause?

Answer 2

Ecoli 157

Question 3

When does GORD normally resolve?

Answer 3

By 12 months

More upright position and more solid food and maturation of LOS.

Question 4

In what groups of children is serious GORD more common?

Answer 4

Cerebral palsy
Chronic lung disease of prematurity
Surgery for oesophageal atresia or diaphragm hernia.

Question 5

Most children with GORD do not need investigation unless they are atypical or have complications. WhAt is the best diagnostic test?

Answer 5

24h oesophageal pH monitoring

Question 6

The cause of colic is often unknown. What could cause it though?

Answer 6

Cows milk intolerance

GORD

Question 7

At what ages does infusaisception occur?

Answer 7

2months to 2 years

Question 8

What is constipation?

Answer 8

Passage of hard painful stools

Question 9

What drugs are stool softeners?

Answer 9

Lactulose, and docusate

Question 10

What drugs are stimulant laxatives?

Answer 10

Senna or sodium picosulphate

Question 11

For mild constipation what is first line?

Answer 11

Improve dietary intake of fluid and fibre

Question 12

What gives red current jelly stool?

Answer 12

Intussception

Question 13

How do you estimate a child’s weight?

Answer 13

(Age +4) x 2

Question 14

Viral gastroenteritis symptoms resolve in how many days?

Answer 14

7-10 days

Question 15

What investigations would you do for recurrent abdominal pain?

Answer 15

FBC/ CRP
Coeliac serology
Urinalysis and microscopy 
Stool examination 
Abdo x ray

Question 16

Abdo pain with blood in the stool, what are the differentials?

Answer 16

Intussception
IBD
HSP
gastroenteritis

Question 17

What are the signs or peritonism

Answer 17

Reluctance to move
Guarding
Rigidity
Rebound tenderness

Question 18

An X-ray shows dilated bowel loops what might the diagnosis be?

Answer 18

Intestinal obstruction

Question 19

Where is the most common site for intussception?

Answer 19

Ilium into caecum - 75%

Question 20

What age is intussception most common?

Answer 20

3-24 months

Not really in over 3s

Question 21

What often precedes intussception?

Answer 21

A viral infection - causing enlarged lymph undoes to become trapped.
Occasionally HSP

Question 22

Classic presentation of intussception?

Answer 22

Episodic screaming and abdo pain with pallor
Red current jelly stool
Shock and dehydration

Question 23

Treatment for intussception?

Answer 23

Air enema
If this fails
Larperotomy to manually reduce

Question 24

How common is acute appendicitis?

Answer 24

3-4:1000

Question 25

What is toddler diarrhoea?

Answer 25

Persistent chronic diarrhoea in children aged 1-5

Question 26

Is toddler diarrhoea more common in girls or boys?

Answer 26

Boys

Question 27

What can stop the diarrhoea in toddlers diarrhoea?

Answer 27

Use full fat milk not skimmed - increase fat in diet
Stop excessive juice drinking
Cut down on fibre

Question 28

When should colic in infants resolve by?

Answer 28

4 months

Question 29

What are the differentials for colic?

Answer 29

Intususecption
GORD
cows milk protein intolerance

Question 30

In persistent colic what treatments can you try?

Answer 30

Attempt a cows milk free diet or anti reflux therapy to see if these are actually the cause..

Question 31

What is infant colic?

Answer 31

Paroxysmal inconsolable crying accompanied by drawing of knees up
More frequent in the evening

Question 32

What is the cause of Colic?

Answer 32

They don’t know