Neonatal Flashcards
Name 2 conditions that a port wine stain may be related to..
Glaucoma
Sturge-webber
Which type of bilirubin is potentially toxic? And which is always pathological?
(Conjugated or unconjugated)
Unconjugated is potentially toxic
Conjugated is always pathological
In what anatomical space is a cephalhaematoma found?
Subperiosteal
So between periosteum and skull
What complications can be seen from a cephalhaematoma
Jaundice/hyperbilirubinaemia
Anaemia requiring blood transfusion
What is the difference between a cephalhaematoma and a caput succedoneum?
Cephalhaematoma is limited by surrounding sutures
Caput succedenoum has poorly defined margins
What disease are screened for by the Guthrie test?
Phenylketonuria Hypothyroidism And sometimes CF Haemaglobinopathies Sickle cell
What cell produces lung surfactant?
Type 2 pneumocyte
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
Oxygen requirement still at 36 weeks gestational ages or 28 days of life.
What is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Syndrome where lungs are inadequate due to deficiency in lung surfactant
How common is talipes equinovarus?
1:1000 births
It’s club foot btw
What is the definition of prolonged jaundice?
Over 14 days if term
Over 21 days if preterm
How does bilirubin travel in the blood?
Attached to albumin
So it’s not secreted by kidneys
What would be your first line test in neonatal jaundice?
Serum bilirubin
Bilirubin levels with transcutaneous bilirubinometer if baby is well
What infections does TORCH screen for?
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex/ HIV
Can also add on syphilis
What 5 factors are on the apgar score?
Colour Respiratory effort Muscle tone Reflex irritability (plantar reflex) Heart rate
What are the first steps in the neonatal check before head to toe examination?
Look -general tone, sleepy, jaundice
Listen - cry
Weigh - growth chart
What is cintodactaly?
Inwards curving of fingers
What are milia seen on baby’s nose and cheek?
White papules due to blocked sebaceous glands - will disappear
How much formula milk does a baby need from 1 week to 6 months?
150-200mls/kg/day
When is it’s safe to give a baby cows milk?
After 1 year old
How many mls in and oz?
30
What are the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Breech position Family Hx of DDH Female Olighydamnosis Twins
Name 2 causes of absent red light reflex?
Cataracts
Retinoblastoma
How many days after birth does physiological jaundice and breast milk jaundice occur?
Physiological - 3 days
Breast milk - 7-10 days
When does neonatal jaundice from infection normally occur?
From birth
What are the common infections that cause neonatal jaundice?
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
HIV/ herpes???
Group B strep
What are the potential causes of neonatal jaundice at birth?
Infection
ABO incompatibility
What extra tests after birth are done in a Down’s syndrome baby?
Echocardiogram
Hearing test at 6 months
Eye examination
Annual health check
