Neonatal

Question 0

Name 2 conditions that a port wine stain may be related to..

Answer 0

Glaucoma

Sturge-webber

Question 1

Which type of bilirubin is potentially toxic? And which is always pathological?
(Conjugated or unconjugated)

Answer 1

Unconjugated is potentially toxic

Conjugated is always pathological

Question 2

In what anatomical space is a cephalhaematoma found?

Answer 2

Subperiosteal

So between periosteum and skull

Question 3

What complications can be seen from a cephalhaematoma

Answer 3

Jaundice/hyperbilirubinaemia

Anaemia requiring blood transfusion

Question 4

What is the difference between a cephalhaematoma and a caput succedoneum?

Answer 4

Cephalhaematoma is limited by surrounding sutures

Caput succedenoum has poorly defined margins

Question 5

What disease are screened for by the Guthrie test?

Answer 5

Phenylketonuria 
Hypothyroidism
And sometimes 
CF
Haemaglobinopathies 
Sickle cell

Question 6

What cell produces lung surfactant?

Answer 6

Type 2 pneumocyte

Question 7

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 7

Oxygen requirement still at 36 weeks gestational ages or 28 days of life.

Question 8

What is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 8

Syndrome where lungs are inadequate due to deficiency in lung surfactant

Question 9

How common is talipes equinovarus?

Answer 9

1:1000 births

It’s club foot btw

Question 10

What is the definition of prolonged jaundice?

Answer 10

Over 14 days if term

Over 21 days if preterm

Question 11

How does bilirubin travel in the blood?

Answer 11

Attached to albumin

So it’s not secreted by kidneys

Question 12

What would be your first line test in neonatal jaundice?

Answer 12

Serum bilirubin

Bilirubin levels with transcutaneous bilirubinometer if baby is well

Question 13

What infections does TORCH screen for?

Answer 13

Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex/ HIV

Can also add on syphilis

Question 14

What 5 factors are on the apgar score?

Answer 14

Colour 
Respiratory effort 
Muscle tone
Reflex irritability (plantar reflex)
Heart rate

Question 15

What are the first steps in the neonatal check before head to toe examination?

Answer 15

Look -general tone, sleepy, jaundice
Listen - cry
Weigh - growth chart

Question 16

What is cintodactaly?

Answer 16

Inwards curving of fingers

Question 17

What are milia seen on baby’s nose and cheek?

Answer 17

White papules due to blocked sebaceous glands - will disappear

Question 18

How much formula milk does a baby need from 1 week to 6 months?

Answer 18

150-200mls/kg/day

Question 19

When is it’s safe to give a baby cows milk?

Answer 19

After 1 year old

Question 20

How many mls in and oz?

Answer 20

30

Question 21

What are the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Answer 21

Breech position 
Family Hx of DDH
Female 
Olighydamnosis
Twins

Question 22

Name 2 causes of absent red light reflex?

Answer 22

Cataracts

Retinoblastoma

Question 23

How many days after birth does physiological jaundice and breast milk jaundice occur?

Answer 23

Physiological - 3 days

Breast milk - 7-10 days

Question 24

When does neonatal jaundice from infection normally occur?

Answer 24

From birth

Question 25

What are the common infections that cause neonatal jaundice?

Answer 25

Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
HIV/ herpes???

Group B strep

Question 26

What are the potential causes of neonatal jaundice at birth?

Answer 26

Infection

ABO incompatibility

Question 27

What extra tests after birth are done in a Down’s syndrome baby?

Answer 27

Echocardiogram
Hearing test at 6 months
Eye examination

Annual health check