Nonspecific Resistance

Question 1

first line of defense are?

Answer 1

external barriers; hair, skin, epithelium, sebum, earwax, phlegm, stomach acid

Question 2

fights pathogens that break though skin or mucous membranes

Answer 2

second line of defense

Question 3

phagocytes, NK cells (immunological surveillance), interferons, complement, inflammatory response, and fever are examples of?

Answer 3

second line of defense

Question 4

What attack and remove microorganisms and cellular debris?

Answer 4

phagocytes

Question 5

microphages in peripheral tissue that eat cellular debris and bacteria?

Answer 5

NEUTROPHILS

Question 6

microphages in peripheral tissue that attack foreign compounds, antigen/antibody complexes?

Answer 6

EOSINOPHILS

Question 7

what WBCs are macrophages?

Answer 7

monocytes

Question 8

2 types of macrophages

Answer 8

free macrophages

fixed macrophages

Question 9

toxic substances secreted by macrophages , such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, can lead to what?

Answer 9

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 10

what are the only nonspecific resistance lymphocytes that do immunological surveillance and are also defective in AIDS patients?

Answer 10

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 11

Perforins and granzymes are chemicals that can poke holes in plasma membrane in a process called?

Answer 11

cytolysis

Question 12

NK cells are found in? 4 places

Answer 12

lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and blood

Question 13

what cells kill variety of microbes, tumor cells, virus-infected cells and produce interferon?

Answer 13

NK cells

Question 14

when lymphocytes and macrophages and cytotoxic T cells become virally infected, they produce/release what into the interstitial fluid?

Answer 14

interferons

Question 15

chemical messengers released by tissue cells to coordinate local activities are called?

Answer 15

cytokines

Question 16

interferons trigger synthesis of _____ that interfere with viral replication inside of the cell by attracting and stimulating ______ & ______, as well as inhibiting cell devision and playing a role in ______.

Answer 16

ANTIVIRAL PROTEINS ; NK cells; macrophages; inflammation

Question 17

limiting the spread of pathogens, removing debris, and initiating tissue repair is the purpose of?

Answer 17

inflammation

Question 18

signs of inflammation include: (4)

Answer 18

1. redness
2. heat
3. swelling
4. pain

Question 19

fever-causing cytokines are called:

Answer 19

pyrogens

Question 20

what travels to the hypothalamus to tell it to reset/bring the temperature up?

Answer 20

interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Question 21

3 benefits of a fever include:

intensifying effects of ____, inhibiting _____ & ______ growth, and speeding up ________.

Answer 21

interferons; bacterial & viral; tissue repair

Question 22

normal body temperature is:

Answer 22

98.6 degrees F