Exam 1 Part 2

Question 1

IPSPs:

a. result in local hyperpolarizations
b. prevent the removal of calcium ions
c. prevent the removal of potassium ions
d. result in local depolarizations
e. increase membrane permeability to potassium ions

Answer 1

a. result in local hyperpolarizations

Question 2

Threshold for the average neuron is:

a. -35 mV
b. +30 mV
c. -90 mV
d. -70 mV
e. -55 mV

Answer 2

e. -55 mV

Question 3

Prozac, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, has its effect at the synapse by:

a. Blocking the serotonin receptors in the post-synaptic cell
b. Blocking acetylcholinesterase
c. Preventing diffusion of the neurotransmitter out of the synaptic cleft
d. Preventing removal of the neurotransmitter by the pre-synaptic cell

Answer 3

d. Preventing removal of the neurotransmitter by the pre-synaptic cell

Question 4

The resistance across the cell membrane is determined by:

a. the thickness of the membrane.
b. the number and type of channels in the membrane.
c. the amount of lipid in the membrane.
d. the surface area of the membrane. e. the number of ions in the membrane.

Answer 4

b. the number and type of channels in the membrane.

Question 5

At rest, more sodium ions are found:

a. inside the cell
b. outside the cell

Answer 5

b. outside the cell

Question 6

The addition of stimuli arriving in rapid succession to produce an action potential is called:

a. absolute refractory period
b. relative refractory period
c. temporal summation
d. neuromodulator
e. spacial summation

Answer 6

c. temporal summation

Question 7

The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the

a. telodendria
b. synaptic knob
c. collateral
d. hillock
e. synapse

Answer 7

e. synapse

Question 8

Polio is a virus that causes pain and muscular paralysis. It infects which of the following structures?

a. Vertebral column
b. Anterior gray horn
c. Meninges
d. Dorsal root ganglia
e. Posterior gray horn

Answer 8

b. Anterior gray horn?

Question 9

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the:

a. anterior gray horns
b. posterior gray horns
c. white commissures
d. lateral gray horns
e. gray commissures

Answer 9

e. gray commissures

Question 10

Instructions going to your diaphragm from both your conscious and subconscious is an example of?

a. Divergence
b. reverberation
c. Serial processing
d. Convergence

Answer 10

d. Convergence

Question 11

Nuclei in the spinal cord refer to:

a. Bundle of myelinated nerve axons located in the CNS
b. A portion of the gray matter that crosses the spinal cord from right to left
c. Cell bodies of neurons in gray matter organized into functional groups
d. Projections of gray matter toward the outer surface

Answer 11

c. Cell bodies of neurons in gray matter organized into functional groups

Question 12

Nerves that carry both sensory and motor information to the anterior regions of the body are called:

a. Ventral rami
b. Ventral root ganglion
c. Rami communicantes
d. Dorsal rami

Answer 12

a. Ventral rami

Question 13

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain:

a. somatic sensory nuclei
b. nerve tracts
c. sensory fasciculi
d. autonomic sensory nuclei
e. somatic motor nuclei

Answer 13

e. somatic motor nuclei

Question 14

Loss of sensation in the skin of the right foot might indicate damage to which spinal nerve?:

a. C5
b. T4
c. L5
d. T8

Answer 14

c. L5

Question 15

Spinal nerves are _____ nerves.

a. mixed
b. purely sensory
c. purely motor
d. all voluntary
e. involuntary

Answer 15

a. mixed

Question 16

Bundles of axons in the spinal cord are called:

a. pathways
b. tracts
c. ganglia
d. nuclei

Answer 16

b. tracts

Question 17

A neuron is:

a. an enclosed cable-like bundle of nerve fibers
b. A long cellular process
c. a cell that transmits electochemical signals

Answer 17

c. a cell that transmits electochemical signals

Question 18

A nerve is:

a. An enclosed, cable like bundle of fibers or axons, which includes the neuroglia that ensheaths the axons in myelin
b. An axon or dendrite
c. A cell that transmits electrochemical signals

Answer 18

a. An enclosed, cable like bundle of fibers or axons, which includes the neuroglia that ensheaths the axons in myelin

Question 19

For an adult, is the Babinski’s sign:

a. normal
b. abnormal

Answer 19

b. abnormal

Question 20

Postural reflexes are:

1. autonomic reflexes
2. superficial reflexes
3. stretch reflexes

Answer 20

3. stretch reflexes

Question 21

Where are the receptors located for the patellar reflex?

a. gastrocnemius muscle
b. quadriceps muscles
c. hamstrings muscles
d. patellar tendon

Answer 21

b. quadriceps muscles

Question 22

Which of the following reflexes will most likely have a longer response time?

a. catching a glass of water that was knocked over
b. crossed extensor reflex

Answer 22

a. catching a glass of water that was knocked over

Question 23

The plantar flexion reflex is:

a. aquired
b. basic

Answer 23

b. basic

Question 24

The patellar reflex is:

a. ipsilateral
b. contralateral

Answer 24

a. ipsilateral

Question 25

Which spinal cord segment(s) innervate the diaphragm?

Answer 25

cervical plexus, phrenic nerve